Disease prevention leaf
Maintaining the assimilation function of the leaves, extending the life of the leaves, and preventing early defoliation are the key links in post-harvest management of apples. It takes 30-50 days for apples to hang from the deciduous bed after harvesting. The intact and thick leaves are the guarantee for improving the quality of flower buds and carrying out nutrient accumulation in the autumn of fruit trees. Therefore, after picking the fruit, spray 2-3 insecticides and fungicides. Foliar spray is applied from the fruit harvesting. It can be combined with spraying. 0.5% urea water + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed every 10 days. Solution or 0.3% diammonium phosphate solution, spray 2-3 times. By spraying, the functional period of the effective leaves can be prolonged, the photosynthetic efficiency can be improved, and more nutrients can be provided for the root growth, which is beneficial to the wintering of the fruit trees and the growth results of the second year.
In addition, about 15 days before the leaves fall off, the leaves can be sprayed with 3%-5% aqueous urea solution. The high concentration of urea aqueous solution is sprayed in the late autumn. Because the leaves are aging and the temperature is low, there is generally no fat damage, and the concentration of urea aqueous solution is high, the leaves absorb quickly, and the absorption rate is high, which will cause the nitrogen content in the leaves. Increase, and transfer to the branches before falling off, to achieve the purpose of "autumn spray spring".
Combined with deep turn, autumn application base fertilizer
Deep application of base fertilizer can improve soil structure and traits, and enhance soil fertility and water retention capacity. The method of deep turning is to dig a groove of 50-60 cm wide and 80-100 cm deep or an annular groove from the outer edge of the canopy, and combine it with deep turning to apply the base fertilizer.
The best time for autumn-based fertilizer is generally from early September to mid-October, after the early-maturing varieties are harvested, and the late-maturing varieties are harvested at the beginning (until the end of October). At this time, it is the third growth peak of the root system, and the wound heals quickly and is easy to develop new roots.
The autumn base fertilizer is mainly based on farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Each adult tree is applied 60-70 kg of farmyard manure, 200 g of urea, 2-3 kg of superphosphate, 300 g of potassium sulfate (or 4-5 kg ​​of ash), and mixed thoroughly. In the orchard lacking zinc and boron deficiency, each plant is further applied with 100 g of zinc sulfate or borax. After the fertilizer is applied, the soil is covered with water.
Practice has proved that the same amount of organic fertilizer application is more effective than the same year, so the base fertilizer is better applied annually.
Post-harvest trimming
In order to reduce nutrient consumption, promote the fullness of the branches and the fullness of the buds, which is conducive to the wintering of the trees, and proper pruning after fruit picking.
1. Topping. After harvesting the fruit, all the new shoots that have not stopped growing and the long branches of the late shoots can promote the leaf hypertrophy, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, improve the maturity of the branches, and help the buds to be full and full.
2. Branching and retracting. Remove the long branches, dense branches, thin branches, ineffective branches at the bottom, and the erect young shoots and ring strips in the autumn, and the sprouts near the ring. Retract the slender branches, the aging branches, and the branches. Shuzhi can improve the light conditions, is conducive to the photosynthesis of autumn leaves, can increase nutrient reflux, and enhance the cold resistance of trees.
3. Pull the branches. In autumn, the pull branch has the characteristics of easy pulling, fast setting, good slowing effect and high flowering rate. For the unfinished and the main bald in the early stage, the length of the new branch is longer, and it is necessary to grasp the transformation and open. The angle is around 80 degrees, which can effectively alleviate the tree potential and promote early results.
4. Wear a hat. For the two-year growth of the branch at the junction of the first and second year of the "wearing a cap" trim, promote the formation of two-year-old shoots.
Thoroughly clear the garden and scrape the disease spots
Weeds, dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased fruit and trunks, and old bark seams on large branches in the orchard are all wintering places for pathogenic pests. After the leaves are fallen, in order to completely eliminate the source of the bacteria, it is necessary to carefully clear the garden, scrape the bark, scrape the disease spots, remove the weeds, and then concentrate on burning or digging the pits.
1. Thoroughly clear the garden. After harvesting, the orchard is combined with pruning to cut off all kinds of diseased shoots and stalks, remove weeds, and completely remove the dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased and rotted fruits in the garden, and then burn them out or dig deep. Under 60 cm), eliminate the source of pests and diseases, and create a good ecological environment for apple production in the coming year.
2. Scratch the lesions. Scrape the old bumps on the trunk and branches and apply 5-7 Baumeite sulphur mixture. For the recurring rot disease, the skin is scraped, and the skin of 0.5-1 cm around the lesion is scraped off, see green, and then smeared with 5% bacteria and 30 times solution.
Pouring frozen water
In order to improve the wintering drought resistance and cold resistance of the fruit trees, reduce the stripping and shorten the length of the strips, the frozen water should be filled before the soil is frozen after the leaves are deciduous. The irrigation amount should be large and sufficient to meet the water content of the apple trees during the whole dormant period. Need. In the evening, when the soil is frozen and the soil is thawed during the day, it is the best time to seal the frozen water. Generally in mid-November, the temperature is between -3 °C and 10 °C. The amount of irrigation should be determined according to the soil moisture. The roots of apple trees are mostly distributed in the soil layer of 40-60 cm. The irrigation must be soaked in the soil within the distribution range of the root system, especially in the sand, and the irrigation must be sufficient.
Main white
Whitening agent formula: 10 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of salt, 1 kg of stone sulfur mixture, 40 kg of water. From late November to mid-February of the next year, the old skin on the main stem and the main branch will be scraped off, and the prepared whitening agent will be evenly spread on the trunk of the apple tree, and the white height will be applied to the main branch. After whitening, it can effectively eliminate the eggs and bacteria that overwinter on the trunk, which can effectively prevent sunburn and frost damage, and also reduce the evaporation of water from the tree and reduce the occurrence of frost damage.
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