Main points of direct cultivation techniques for rice in the south

Some farmers may have not been exposed to the dry rice direct seeding mode. Generally speaking, the selection of dry-lived rice varieties requires wide adaptability, high yield, excellent rice quality, suitable for climate characteristics along the Huaihe region, short growth period, and earlier mature.

1 Site preparation

Careful land preparation, to meet the technical requirements of dry-field rice cultivation, in order to improve the quality of sowing, to achieve a full seedling, but also to facilitate the management of post-field fertilizer, weeding and so on. When preparing the land, it is required to fully level the surface, and the height difference is within 3 cm. The depth of the cultivation is about 25 cm. There should be no weeds and debris on the surface. One walkway (about 35 cm wide) is left every 4 m in the field. Easy to work in the field.

2 sowing

The selection of dry-lived rice varieties requires wide adaptability, high yield, excellent rice quality, suitable for climate characteristics along the Huaihe River region, short growth period and early maturity. The sowing requirements for dry-field rice in the southern region will be completed by June 10th, and strive to spread early, leaving sufficient time for the maturity of rice to ensure sufficient effective accumulated temperature and avoid adverse weather such as freezing damage. Different rice varieties are suitable for different seeding rates, and the optimum seeding rate needs to be determined according to the germination rate of the seeds. For example, for common alfalfa varieties, if the seed germination rate is above 85%, suitable sowing is appropriate. The amount is 90-105 kg/hm2. The sowing depth should be shallow, about 2cm, and the seeds should be evenly distributed when sowing.

3 fertilization

In the whole process of fertilization of dry-field rice, it is necessary to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. The fertilization should be scientific and balanced, avoiding the phenomenon of late-maturing and ripening, so as to avoid the increase of rice cultivation cost. The base fertilizer is combined with various fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers. For the dry-field field with a yield index of 9 000-9 750 kg/hm 2 , the base fertilizer needs to be fertilized with high-quality farmyard manure 15.0-22.5t/hm2 and urea. 150 ~ 225 kg / hm 2, potassium chloride 150kg / hm2, calcium superphosphate 75 kg / hm2, zinc sulfate 22.5 ~ 30.0 kg / hm 2, etc., while ploughing the land at the same time. The splitting fertilizer is generally divided into two types: promoting the fertilizer and protecting the fertilizer, and applying urea 112.5 and 90.0 to 112.5 kg/hm2 respectively. The manure is promoted after the 3 leaves of rice, and the manure fertilizer is applied 1 to 2 weeks after the application of the flower fertilizer, and the fertilizer is promoted as early as possible to promote the early distribution of the rice in the dry season, and the fertilizer should be adequately applied. The rate of emergence of panicles reduces the proportion of ineffective tillers. 3 to 4 weeks before heading, topdressing potassium chloride 75 kg/hm 2 and urea 150.0-187.5 kg/hm 2 for panicle fertilizer to promote early flowering of rice plants, so that the stalk grows strong, and then apply again after 7-10 days. Urea 75 kg / hm 2 as a flower fertilizer to increase grain weight and increase yield. After rice growth enters the filling stage, it is necessary to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate as foliar fertilizer to improve the photosynthesis of functional leaves.

4 watering

First, ensure that the moisture content in the soil is suitable and maintained in a moist state after sowing. Rice should be irrigated in the field in a dry and live broadcast mode to ensure that the soil is saturated with water, and then drain the excess water in the field to keep the soil moist until the seed emerges. The second is shallow moisture. After the direct-growing rice grows 3 leaves, it begins to fill the shallow water in the field, providing good water conditions for the tillering of rice plants, and enough seedlings to dry the fields, remembering that it is not suitable for heavy drying. The third is the careful management of water management during rice jointing and booting. Rice has a large demand for water during the panicle differentiation stage. This period is the high temperature season along the Huaihe region. It is necessary to strengthen water management to avoid rice production loss due to lack of water. It is necessary to ensure that there is water in the field to ensure sufficient water to raise the fetus. The fourth is the water management after heading. After dry-seeding rice heading, the field remained dry and wet alternately until the rice was cut off about 1 week before harvest.

5 pest and disease control

The growth rate of dry-lived rice in the early stage is relatively slow. At this stage, there is more precipitation along the Huaihe area, which often causes the weeds in the field to grow vigorously. In order to prevent it from competing with rice plants for nutrient, water and space conditions, it is necessary to do a good job of weeding in a timely and scientific manner. There are many types of weeds in dry-field rice fields. If the climate changes greatly when applied, it will greatly increase the difficulty of weeding. Therefore, we must grasp the chemical weeding technology to ensure the effect of weeding. The control of grass damage in dry-broad rice should be based on comprehensive control. If necessary, appropriate chemical control can be taken into consideration. The usual control method is “one two kills three supplements”, and “one” is selected from the time of sowing to emergence. 18%～22% pendimethalin 3 L/hm 2 is sprayed. “Second killing” is applied to the leaves of the seedlings 2 leaves and leaves at 4% to 6%, and the grass is sprayed 4% to 6%. ~ 6% Thousands of gold emulsifiable concentrates 300 mL / hm 2, etc., "three supplements" are generally mainly for perennial weeds or older weeds, such weed chemical control is difficult to achieve good results, timely manual weeding.

The direct seeding rice density is relatively large, the field canopy density is high, and the degree of pests and diseases is also serious. The main pests and diseases of dry-seeding rice in the southern region include sheath blight, rice blast, rice smut, and rice leaf roller. Before seeding, the seeds should be disinfected to eliminate the pathogens carried on the surface of the seeds. After emergence from rice to booting stage, rice blast is easy to occur, and 18%~22% tricyclazole can be sprayed 750~1500 kg/hm2; Sheath blight is prone to occur at the ear stage, and 12% to 13% of well wax buds can be sprayed at 3 750 g/hm 2 . Rice smut is prone to occur from the booting stage to the suitable panicle stage, and 48% to 52% carbendazim can be sprayed. 1500g/hm2; rice leaf roller can be sprayed with insecticidal double control.

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