Corn multi-ears refers to the phenomenon that corn has more than two ears on a single plant, and it can not be normal or firm, and it becomes an ineffective panicle. In recent years, the phenomenon of corn multi-ear (ineffective spike) occurs frequently, which seriously affects the yield and quality of maize. Some farms' individual plots are even closed.
What is the shape of corn multi-stem?
The first is "finger spikes." At the same stem section (leaf) in the middle of the corn plant, a plurality of spikelets grow at the same time, which are shaped like fingers, and basically do not seed. People often call it "finger ear", and some people call it "banana ear".
The second is single stalk and multiple ears. One or two spikelets were grown in three different stem segments (leaves) in the middle of the corn plant, resulting in multiple ineffective ears on the maize plant.
The third is multi-stalk multi-ear. Additional plants were planted on the stem segments of the same maize plant, and multiple stems were produced at the stem nodes (leaves) of these tiller plants.
Why are corn stalks?
Multi-ear is determined by the biological characteristics of corn. In addition to the top 4-6 knots of common corn, there are axillary buds on each stem section, that is, the primordial of the ear, and the axillary buds on the main stem do not stretch will form tillers. The axillary buds on the long nodes divide the ears. Under normal circumstances, only the upper one or two axillary buds can differentiate into the ear, but in the case of excess nutrients, 3 to 5 axillary buds will be stimulated to form a multi-ear phenomenon (some corn varieties, under suitable conditions) Axillary buds will develop into spikes simultaneously, often with 2 to 3 ears per plant, or even more. The ear of corn is morphologically a metamorphic lateral stem, and the stalk of the ear is a short stalk. Each section has a petal leaf with only a petiole (the leaves), and a certain number of axillary buds are lurking in the leaf axils. When the spindle is dead and nutrients accumulate, it will also cause these axillary buds to sprout and develop into multiple spikelets.
Under normal conditions, corn rarely produces multiple ears, producing multiple ears, which are related to the following factors:
(1) Genetic characteristics. Some varieties are susceptible to external environmental conditions and produce multiple spikes. According to reports, hybrid corn is more likely to produce multiple ears than conventional corn.
(2) Bad weather. The severe climate that easily leads to multiple spikes is mainly severe drought and low temperature.
The short-light crop of maize is a serious drought in the stage of differentiation of the male and male ears, which will cause the spindle to stop developing, so that the latent buds on the stalk (short stalk) sprout and develop into "finger spikes". When the "finger of the fingers" is drawn, the tassels are in a loose powder phase, and at this time there is substantially no pollen supply, which is very poor.
The temperature is too low, the rain is continuous, and the lack of illumination will result in insufficient organic nutrition of the corn plants. The silk of the ears is not smooth or the tassels cannot normally bloom and loose powder, which affects pollination and fertilization, resulting in the first ear not being able to form the ear normally. Nutrition supplies the next ear development. If the second ear is still unable to normal pollination, the nutrient supply and the next ear development. Even if the ear is normally developed, there is no pollen in the field. Therefore, it is impossible to form a multi-ear phenomenon.
(3) Big water and big fertilizer. Big fat and large water are one of the reasons for the formation of multiple spikes in corn. In the stage of differentiation of maize ears, if the water and fertilizer are sufficient, too many nutrient plants can not be consumed, which will cause the multiple axillary buds on the stem nodes to germinate and develop, and there is a possibility of forming multiple ears. If the rain occurs during the loose powder period, the pollen rupture can not be pollinated normally, and it will also cause multi-filament empty stalk phenomenon.
(4) pests and diseases. If the corn is damaged by the crude disease, the kinetin produced by the virus will break the hormone balance in the plant, leading to the loss of the ear position of the first ear, promoting the germination of other axillary buds and forming many spikelets. The earlier the disease occurs, the more obvious the multi-ear phenomenon. In addition, the damage of corn borer, aphids and corn leaf spot will also affect the normal formation of corn ears, resulting in multiple spikes.
(5) Improper cultivation and management. The supply of fertilizer and water in the ear development stage of maize is too high, which promotes the development of multiple ear inflorescences to form multiple ears. The planting density is too large, causing the field to be closed, pollination is poor, the ear can not develop normally, and other axillary buds are matured, and multiple ears are formed.
Prevention of corn multi-spotted mites?
1. According to local conditions, select corn varieties that are not prone to multiple spikes.
2. Sowing at the right time and scientific cultivation. According to the characteristics of corn varieties, local climate, planting season, plots, etc., determine the reasonable sowing period (avoiding adverse weather such as drought, low temperature and low light), sowing amount (reasonable close planting, keeping the plants ventilated and transparent, and improving light energy utilization) Rate), whether to cover the film, etc., so that the light, temperature, water and fertilizer indicators required for each stage of corn are satisfied.
3. Focus on fertilizer and water management. According to the growth and development rules of corn, master the fertilization time and fertilization amount, apply sufficient base fertilizer, lightly apply seedling fertilizer, and apply jointing fertilizer. Among them, compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied early, and nitrogen fertilizer is in seedling stage and jointing stage, respectively. Appropriate application at the heading stage. Supply plenty of water during the flowering period to prevent drought. Timely weeding and weeding to keep the soil loose.
4. Strengthen pest and disease prevention and control. Timely control of corn borer, aphids and corn leaf spot, corn rough disease, etc., to prevent corn spikes due to pests and diseases.
5. Remove invalid spikes in time. During the silking period, multi-spot plants should be found. The staff should be actively organized to remove the excess ears early. Only 1 or 2 ears per corn are retained to avoid the consumption of nutrients, promote the normal growth of the ears and reduce losses.
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