First, potato sowing
1, choose high quality virus-free seed potato
Experimental studies have shown that potato varieties and their high-quality detoxified seed potatoes contribute about 60% of potato yield. The virus-free seed potato emerged early, the plants were robust, the leaves were hypertrophic, the root system was developed, the stress resistance was strong, and the potential for yield increase was great. Therefore, all virus-free G2 and G3 hybrids must be used in production.
2, intensive cultivation
Choose fertile soil, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep tillage layer, loose sandy soil or loam.
After the harvest of the previous crop, the diseased leaves and diseased plants were promptly removed from the field, and about 25 centimeters deep plowed before December, so that the soil was frozen and weathered to receive rain and snow, and the overwintering pests were frozen. Soon before sowing, we can reach the cultivating layer of fine-grained and unbleached litter.
Soil drought at seeding is one of the main factors that affect seedling production and reduce production. Therefore, must be made before sowing, it is best to "slip water" sowing.
3, germination sowing preservation seedlings
Cut germination requires about 150 kg of seeded potatoes per acre. 25-30 days before sowing, seed potatoes will be planted in a warm and sunny place for 2-3 days, while diseased potatoes and rotten potatoes will be removed and then cut into pieces. When cutting, make full use of the apical dominance, spiral to the top of the beveled, and finally press the top bud into two or one into four, each piece of seed potato has 1-2 bud eyes, weighing 25-30 grams. After drying the blade, put it in a laminating method in a room with a temperature of 18°C-20°C. After the bud grows to 2-3 cm in length, it shall be placed under scattered light and dried, and the buds will be planted after being thickened.
4, pesticide seed dressing pest control
Due to the off-site transport of seed potatoes, the propagation of seed potato carriers is very serious. At present, seedling black pod disease, stem rot, and dry rot commonly occur due to the seed borne bacteria, and seedlings with pathogenic bacteria affect seedling emergence. Plant seed dressing can reduce the occurrence of these diseases. Tests have shown that the following two formulations can be used to prevent seedling diseases.
1 Antai 50g + high 20ml/100kg seed potato. About 50% Antai WP and 50 grams of 60% clever suspension seed dressing 20 ml, add water to 1000 ml, shake it and spray it onto a 100 kg seed tuber, dry it and sow.
2 Shireshi + Streptomycin for agriculture / 100 kg seed potato.
3 Amisida 30ml watered 15-20kg spray ditch.
The use of the above three formulas can promote early emergence of seedlings for 2-3 days, and ensure that the Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, at the same time can prevent seedling stage aphids, as well as the pests of soil pests, wireworm damage.
5, the arch cover to advance sowing
The early spring potato sheds cover the cultivation techniques and advance the suitable sowing date of potatoes to early February, making the potato tuber enlargement period the best period of daytime high temperature and nighttime low temperature, and at the same time it can prolong the growth period of plants, thus greatly increasing potato yield and quality.
6, wide row ridge cultivation
A double row of ridges was planted, and the ridge distance was 80-90 cm. The plants were double rows, with a small row spacing of about 20 cm and a plant spacing of 25-28 cm. Mu planting 5500-6000 strains. The ditch is 8-10 cm deep and 25 cm wide. After the water is slopped, the horns are splayed and the buds are upward. Cover the buds with a small amount of fine soil, and then fertilize the holes to cover the soil. Request to plant 12 cm to the top of the ridge. Flatten the ridges and spray the herbicides such as Shi Tianbu to make sure that the herbicides are uniformly applied and covered with a mulch. The plastic film to be laid should be an ultra-thin film that is 90-100 cm wide and has a thickness of 0.005-0.008 mm, and 4-5 kg ​​per mu. When laying the film, the film should be stretched tightly to the ground. The edges of the film should be buried in the soil for about 10 centimeters. The cover film should grasp the essentials of “strict, tight, flat, and wideâ€, that is, the edges should be tightly pressed, the film should be tightly closed, the film surface should be flat, and the glossy surface should be wide. On the same day, an arch shed was built and agricultural film was applied.
When the mechanized sowing is performed, the ridge distance is expanded to 90-100 cm. When the mulching film is planted, the film is to be watered 2 times in time.
7, soil testing formula balanced nutrition
Mushi soil compost 5000 kg or commodity organic fertilizer 150 kg, ternary compound fertilizer (15-10-20 or 15-12-18) 150 kg, Si-Ca fertilizer Mushi 15-25 kg, zinc sulfate 1.2 kg, boric acid 1 kg. Soil miscellaneous fertilizers are spread on cultivated land and other fertilizers are applied at the time of sowing.
Second, potato field management
1, timely film rupture
20-25 days after sowing, the seedlings will successively apical membranes, select the sunny days in a timely manner to puncture the hole in the mulch, and use the fine soil to mask the hole.
Intensive cultivation, when the potato shoots grow to 2 cm away from the film, the film covers 2-3 cm of machinery.
2, strengthen the temperature management
In the arch shed, it is maintained at 20-26°C during the day and 12-14°C at night. Always wipe the film to maintain maximum light intake. As the outside temperature increases, the ventilation volume is gradually increased. In mid-April (7-10 days after the Ching Ming Festival), the film can be removed.
3, scientific watering
To obtain a higher yield of potatoes, a lot of water is needed. Without meeting the needs of water, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory production. The potato is not only a crop that needs a lot of water, but also a crop that can not be interrupted by water supply, especially in the stages of tuber formation and tuber enlargement, to keep the soil moist. Once the water supply interval, it will cause the tubers to stop growing, forming deformed tubers, resulting in serious reduction in production and quality. However, late potatoes have to be bred during the late growth period, and the tubers become intolerant of storage or decay due to rain or humidity. Therefore, in the production, it is necessary to grasp a uniform and sufficient supply of moisture, so that the soil cultivation layer always maintains a moist state. The suitable soil moisture for potato growth is that the average soil moisture content maintained at about 80% during the whole growth period is the most ideal. The seedling period should be maintained at 70%-80%, and it should be maintained at 65%-75% before harvesting; tuber formation must be maintained at 80%-85% during tuber expansion.
The principle of small ground irrigation should be mastered in production, and each irrigation should not pass over the ridge roof. Combine the lyrics, water once after sowing, before emergence, in the period of seedling emergence, in the early stage of bud initiation, in the bud stage, and during the rapid expansion of the tubers. The irrigation should be stopped about 7 days before harvest to ensure that the harvested tubers are fully aged to facilitate storage.
Third, integrated pest management
1, the main pests and diseases
Major diseases and pests of potato include late blight, early blight, aphids, earthworms, earthworms, and golden needles.
2. Formulate scientific plant protection plan
Choose to use highly efficient, low-toxic, environmentally safe pesticide products to ensure the production of high quality, healthy and safe agricultural products. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases and the requirements of good agricultural practices, the principle of the use of protective fungicides and therapeutic fungicides should be adopted in disease prevention and control. During the growth period, 5 times of spraying was performed. Each application of Antler or 70% wettable powder (100-150 g/mu) was applied to the plants at bud stage and bud stage, and the interval was 10 days; At the beginning of the expansion period, Amisida, silver silver, and fasting were used for three consecutive rotations, with intervals of 10 days.
For the prevention and control of aphids, in addition to using seedlings to control seedlings during the seedling stage, a 50% to 10 g/mu foliar spray was used in the adult potato stage. For control of ground tigers, insecticides were mixed at the same time as the fungicide was sprayed in early March and early April.
3, protect the leaves, extend the functional period
Studies at home and abroad show that the photosynthesis of leaves contributes more than 90% to crop yields. Therefore, protecting the leaves and extending their functional period can greatly increase potato production. Silver fat is not only a disease-preventing but also prolongs the late leaf functional period of the potato, which is crucial for increasing potato yield. It is also possible to spray 0.2% boric acid on the leaves of potato in the early stage of flowering and potassium dihydrogen phosphate three times during the period of potato block enlargement.
Functional oligosaccharides refer to oligosaccharides that are difficult or impossible to be digested and absorbed by the human body and have special physiological effects on the human body. Its sweetness is generally only 30-50% of that of sucrose, and it has physiological functions such as low-calorie, anti-caries, prevention and treatment of diabetes, and improvement of intestinal colony structure. Due to the special physiological functions of functional oligosaccharides, it becomes a nutrient and health care product. A new generation of food-effect raw materials that integrate diet and therapy. It is a new functional sugar source that replaces sucrose and has a wide range of uses and application prospects. Common functional oligosaccharides include: xylo-oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, isomaltose, raffinose and so on.
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