Mishima Bupleurum is the dry root of Bupleurum falcatum L., which is the main source of Bupleurum falcatum L. in Japan and has detoxification, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Anti-inflammatory and strong effects are widely used in Japan for the prevention and treatment of colds and hepatitis. Mishima Bupleurum native Japan and North Korea, etc., began artificial cultivation in 1965, but the production capacity can only meet about 10% of domestic demand in Japan. Now China's Shaanxi, Beijing, Chengdu and other places have large-scale production. (-) Morphological characteristics Perennial herb, plant height 40-100 cm. Stems erect, fine and hard, green, more branched above middle, serrated, whole plant glabrous, leaves linear to broadly linear, rigid, entire, tapering at tip and base, apex acute, sessile, Alternate; basal leaves long-stalked, with 5-7 parallel veins. The flowers are yellow and most of the small umbellifers are on the branches. Each small umbellule consists of 5-10 small flowers. The small total sepal 5 is lanceolate, apex-tip, 2.5-4 cm long. Sometimes shorter than pedicel; total sepals l-3, up to 10 mm in length; petals 5, curved from central to medial, yellow; stamens 5; ovary inferior, double-suspended fruit rounded, 2-3 mm long, absent. hair. Fruit-kidney shape, yellow-brown surface, ribbed. Flowering from August to October, fruiting period from October to November. (B) Growth habits Three islands Bupleurum is an annual deep-rooted plant, the main root length up to 20 cm or more. When the seedlings were unearthed in April-May, the seedlings grew slowly, the growth accelerated from July to August, and the root weight increased significantly after 10 months. Therefore, this period is the key period for yield formation. Seeds are easy to germinate, but the germination rate is low, usually around 40%. After stratification or hormone treatment can be increased to 50% -70%. Germination temperature is 18-20°C. Almost no seeds germinate every other year. Mishima Chaihu is a warm and humid environment that is more tolerant to cold and drought but avoids high temperatures and stagnant water. Avoid continuous works. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. Choose soils, soil preparations, deep soil layers, loose slopes, or well-drained plains. Soils should be selected from loam, sandy loam, or sand-like light clay. Sweet potatoes and wheat can be planted in places or at the beginning of a hillside, and deep-turned 20-30 cm, before the site preparation, full-fledged farmyard manure is applied to 4000-5000 kg per mu, and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied to prepare the crop. 1.2-1.5m high sorghum 2. Propagation method Seeds are propagated mainly by direct seeding and can also be transplanted by seedlings (l) Seed treatment is soaked with warm water at 50°C for 16-20 hours before sowing; Improve the rate of emergence of seedlings.Seeds can be accumulated for 3-4 months where conditions permit, and the rate of emergence can also be significantly increased, and the emergence is more tidy.(2) The sowing method is generally sown in March-April.Drilling, spacing 25-30 cm, Slight suppression after sowing, and cover fine soil 0.5-l cm, and then cover some straw to facilitate moisturizing.General sowing can be 25-35 days after emergence, 1.5-2 kg of seed per acre.3.Field management (1 ) Before and after weeding and weeding, weeds breed, should be timely Remove the cover and conduct cultivating and weeding, at least once every 10-15 days, weeding with herbicides, but we should pay attention to selective herbicides such as trifluralin and gibberol, etc. The former must be removed before sowing. The soil, the latter is sprayed on the sunny day for 10-20 days after emergence, and can effectively control the weeds, even if there are remaining weeds, remove it by hand. Specific application concentration of herbicide According to the instruction manual, weeding and weeding work is extremely important for the growth and subsequent yield of Sandao Bupleurum, and it is generally until August-September, when the seedlings are erected, they can be stopped. (2) The seedlings and supplementary seedlings can be combined with cultivating and weeding. Have been seedlings or weak seedlings, and keep the spacing of 8-10 cm. If there is a lack of plants, they should be promptly filled. (3) Dressing is usually done in late May, when the seedlings grow to 4-6 cm high, Fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, such as soil with general fertility, 3000 kg of compost compost per acre, 50 kg of rapeseed cake, 10 kg of superphosphate, etc. For other fertilizers, this can be used as a reference, but most Good application with organic fertilizer According to the growing condition, it can be applied one more time in early September, but at this time, the fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.(4) Picking the annual plant The majority of the plant and the two-year-old plant all begin to twitch and flower in August to September, except for the retention of species. The land should be picked in time to facilitate the growth of subterranean roots. Specific operations can be cut with a sickle. (5) Irrigation and drainage of three islands Bupleurum more drought-resistant, but taboo, so in addition to the seedling period, generally do not have water, but after the rain should Timely elimination of accumulated water.Appropriate drought in May is conducive to the main root elongation.The two-year-old plant management is basically the same year plant, only one year root can not afford to dig autumn and winter, let it naturally overwinter, after the second year after emergence, early fertilizer, and pay attention to the heart 4. Pest control (4) Pest control (1) The root rot is prone to high temperatures and rainy seasons, especially when the plants are biennial when the biennial occurs.Prevention method: remove water in the rainy season, avoid re-application of nitrogen fertilizer, avoid continuous cropping, It is best to work with grass crops; remove diseased plants in time. (2) Root knot nematode disease originated in June, injuring the roots until the whole plant. Control methods: Avoid rotation with peanuts or sweet potatoes; sow at least half a month after soil disinfection with insecticides. (3) The aphids have serious damage during flowering. Control methods: Occurrence period with 800 times liquid dimethoate or fish rattan spray, 7-10 days three times, even spray 2-3 times. (4) Harvesting and processing are generally carried out in late autumn and late November and early December. After the yellow crop is removed, the stems and fibrous roots are removed, washed, and dried in the sun to remove hairs. About 27%. The average annual production of plants is 20-40 kg per mu, and the annual production of dry roots is 40-60 kg. Products with good aroma, soft root and thick color are preferred. (V) Seed-holding techniques Although annual plants can produce flowers and seeds, they are less in quality, so they are mostly planted in two-year-old plants. The management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened for the remaining fields, and the application of 20 kg of potassium phosphate fertilizer per acre in early September. Left and right, generally in mid-to late November, when the plants begin to yellow, 70%-80% of the seeds can be harvested when they are ripe, air-dried, dried, and stored in ventilated and dry places. After planting, the roots of the plant can still be used as medicine, but the quality has declined, and the concrete performance is woody and hard.
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