Pine caterpillar control technology program

This program prevents and controls various pine caterpillars that cause serious damage to pine forests. The aim is to guide the control of pine caterpillars. First, the design of prevention and treatment operations The competent forestry authorities at all levels shall, in light of the actual conditions, formulate master plans for the prevention and control of pine caterpillars in the area and implement plans for the year. The administrative units in towns and towns are the basic units for construction design. Based on the life history of pine caterpillars, their area of ​​occurrence, their locations and degree of damage, the type of vegetation, and the self-control ability, the prevention and control zones were divided into different types, classified measures, and partitioned. The management area, prevention and control measures will be implemented in small classes, construction work plans will be drawn, and construction work instructions will be compiled. Second, insect pests monitoring insect pests investigation and forecasting method reference "Dong caterpillars monitoring, forecasting methods" (Trial) (SFA forestry prevention [2000] No. 60 documents) implementation. III. Zoning and zoning, classification and policy (a) Classification of occurrences On the basis of investigations, comprehensive consideration is given to the status of forest stands, plant diversity and number of individuals in the forest, natural enemies and their ability to control pests, and the severity of man-made destruction and the occurrence of pine caterpillars. According to the principle of relative concentration, the occurrence area of ​​pine caterpillars is divided into three different types of areas, which are frequent occurrence areas, accidental areas and safety areas. The classification of various types of districts is shown in Table 1. (2) Classification and decision-making The different types of occurrence areas are quite different due to factors such as the status of pine forests, geographical and climatic environment, human activities, and monitoring and control technologies, etc. The prevention and control measures must be formulated differently. It is necessary to implement the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive management" and adhere to the ecological perspective, based on pest monitoring, based on forest management measures, and take biological control as the leading factor, integrate, assemble and use advanced research achievements. The successful experience, while effectively controlling the mouth density of pine caterpillars, protects and utilizes the resources of natural enemies of pests, improves the quality of forest stands, improves ecological conditions, and gradually realizes sustainable control. Table 1 The classification of the caterpillars occurred according to the occurrence characteristics of the safety zone in the concurrence zone of the prevalent area. Occurs frequently in a large occurrence cycle. Occurrence of the annual interval of more than 2-3 years in the natural density of the pine grove does not cause damage to the pine forest. Damage level Stand status Young forests and artificial forests contiguously concentratively over 5,000 acres of pure forest contiguously below 5,000 acres Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest Vegetation coverage 60% or less 61%-90% 90% or more Natural enemies Species and number Below the average value in the pine forest in this region, the type and quantity of low control capacity is higher than the average value of the region, there is a certain amount of control capacity, and the quantity and quantity are rich. Man-made damage is extensive, man-made destruction is serious. Man-made destruction is less. Man-made destruction is less. Diversity. The index is lower than the average value in the pine forest in this region is higher than the average value in the pine forest in the region 400 meters above the altitude of 400 meters above the 600 meters above 400-600 meters. In principle, the Changfa District is classified as a key governance area, and is occasionally zoned as a general governance area. The security zone is divided into ecological protection zones. 1. Changfa District: The basic strategy of reforestation and closing mountains and forests is to strengthen monitoring and forecasting and take measures to control the density of insect populations so that the ecological environment will be continuously improved, and the transition to the contingent areas will occur gradually. (1) Completely close the mountains and cultivate forests. (2) Modify the source of insects. (3) In the case of severe and moderate damage to pine forests, spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana, pine caterpillar virus preparations, avermectin, and biomimetic drugs were used to reduce the population density. The use of contact-activated, low-toxic chemicals is limited to a small area. (4) For forests with mild hazards and certain self-controlling capabilities, measures such as closing mountains and forests, applying biological agents such as Beauveria bassiana, attracting beneficial birds, etc., shall be adopted. 2. Occasional areas pay attention to the monitoring of insect pests, closely monitor the insect source, and regularly investigate and report forest insecticides. Take prevention as the main focus and eliminate the policing strategy. The implementation of closing mountains and forests, increasing management efforts, fostering mixed forests, protecting and utilizing natural enemies, stabilizing density of insect populations, improving forest control capacity, and gradually converting from accidental areas to safe areas. For the treatment of large areas of contingency areas, preventive measures such as the release of Beauveria bassiana, the recruitment of beneficial birds, and the release (recruitment) of parasitic wasps are mainly used; the center of insects is found and timely controlled by bionic preparations, pine caterpillar virus, Bt, avermectins, etc. . 3. Safe areas Strengthen forest management and management and rational management and utilization, maintain and improve the forest ecological environment, and prevent the existing ecological environment from being damaged. To strengthen the monitoring, it is not easy to apply chemical control. Fourth, the determination of prevention and control indicators: Prevention and control indicators to the occurrence of population density (insect level) mainly based on the situation of forest natural enemies and forest damage situation. In general, the larvae grade is above grade 3, and the loss of pine needles may be caused by more than 30% in the contemporary period. At present, the area where the pine forest is not seriously damaged is the key point for contemporary prevention and control; the pest level for overwintering prevention and control can be appropriately reduced by 1-2 levels; The parasitism rate of the natural enemies of the ovum and the eggs is more than 80%, and the number of the pine needles that have been damaged by more than 80% may be temporarily ignored. The selection of the most feasible prevention and control measures based on the situation in the prevention and control area generally requires the use of economy and effectiveness, not killing natural enemies, and ensuring that current or future generations will not be affected. V. Choosing feasible methods for prevention and control 1. Selection of aviation control and ground control: The occurrence of large areas, the prevention and control of high-risk forests in the work area, the difficulty of ground-based artificial control, and airline equipment, etc., may be considered for aviation control. Occurrence area is small, with scattered distribution, and it is convenient for manual ground control of artificial control operations. 2, the choice of application methods: spray: more high concentration, low spray volume, ultra-low volume of fine mist or low spray. Surface control spray should choose a convenient place for water supply. The ultra-low spray requires temperature below 30°C, relative humidity above 50%, and wind speed less than 3 meters per second. Dusting powder: The place where the water source is lacking can be considered for use, and the dusting operation is generally better when there is dew in the morning and evening or after light rain. Spraying (discharging) smoke: In remote mountainous regions with few human and animal activities, the canopy density is large, the worm age is small, and the density of wormholes is high. Consider the situation. It should be done in the evening when the air flow is stable or the air temperature increases. Dangerous rope (poison pen): It is applicable to northern regions and used according to the characteristics of the pine tree under the wintering or after the winter activities. 6. Technical Measures for Prevention and Control (I) Technical Measures for Afforestation 1. To create mixed forests in barren hills in the disaster-stricken areas, and to create mixed forests in accordance with the principle of appropriate and suitable trees; to protect and use the original land in the forests of the disaster-stricken areas. And plant broadleaf species. In the south, crickets and legumes such as eucalyptus and leguminous plants can be used, as well as Schima superba, Manglietia sylvestris, Mongolica, Poria cocos, Poria cocos, Poria cocos, Liquidambar formosana, Amorpha fruticosa, bayberry, acacia and so on. Mixed mode, using strains, ribbons, blocks can be. Hedgehog, sea buckthorn, apricot, jujube, etc. can be used in the north. Forests should be densely planted in order to form appropriate canopy density, create an ecological environment that is not conducive to the growth and development of pine caterpillars, and establish forest ecosystems with strong self-control abilities. 2. Closing mountains and forests Forests with sparse forests and large numbers of undergrowth should be closed and afforested. Grazing and grazing should be prohibited. Broad-leaved tree species should be cultivated, and the forest structure should be gradually changed to protect the understory vegetation, enrich forest biological communities, and create favorable habitat for natural enemies. environment of. 3. Tending, replanting and renovating pine forests with greater canopy closure, strengthening management of pine forests, timely thinning, protecting broad-leaved trees and other vegetation, and increasing planting of honey plants such as hawthorn flowers and white peony flowers. For the existing pure forests, residual forests and sparse forests, the broad-leaved trees under the forest should be protected or the fast-growing broad-leaved tree species should be timely planted and gradually induced and transformed into mixed forests. (B) biological control measures 1, Beauveria bassiana control in all types of areas can be used Beauveria bassiana. The application of Beauveria bassiana in the south to prevent and control pine caterpillars can be released in the middle of November or late November or the following year, but it is not generally suitable for other generations (or time) to use Beauveria bassiana. The amount of bacteria applied is 1.5-5.0 trillion spores per acre. The use of Beauveria bassiana in the North to control pine caterpillars or red pine caterpillars requires a rainy day or dew condition with a temperature above 24C, and the amount of bacteria applied should be increased by 3 to 4 times. Application method: use airplane or ground dusting, low-volume spray, ultra-low-volume spray; ground artificial duster. Preventive measures can also be used artificially powder bag, live insects and other methods. 2, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) prevention and control Application of Bacillus thuringiensis control pine caterpillars, generally control 3-4 instar larvae. Applicable stand suitable temperature is 20?32C. The amount of bacteria applied is 400,000 to 800,000 international units (IU) per acre. Rainy season with caution. Application methods: dusting, conventional or low-level ground spray, aircraft low spray. The spray can add a certain amount of detergent or other synergist at the same time. 3. Methods for the prevention and control of the use of CPV for penises or nested cages, collection of proliferating viruses, artificial feeding of proliferative viruses, in vitro cell proliferative viruses, or high-yielding inter-forest high insect areas to collect diseased and dead insects. Polyhedral viruses are extracted to make oil emulsions, virus fluids or powders. When using, 0.06% copper sulfate or 0.1 billion spores/ml of Beauveria bassiana can be added to the virus fluid as an inducer to increase the insecticidal rate. The dosage of 50-200 million virus crystals per mu. Application method: use airplane or ground low spray, ultra low spray or dusting. 4. Inviting beneficial birds in forests with relatively low density of insect populations and older forests, artificial nest boxes can be set up to attract beneficial birds. The nesting time, number, and nest box type are determined by the birds that are recruited. 5, the release of Trichogramma breeding good bee species, in the spawning period of the pine caterpillar spawning, the choice of sunny days without wind weather phased forests, 310,000 head per acre. Trichogramma can also carry the virus at the same time, improve the control effect. (3) Artificial (physical) prevention and control The population densities of the next generation of pine caterpillars can be reduced by artificially removing egg masses or using black light to induce worms. (D) Plant Pesticide Control The larvae were controlled with 1.2% fumed tobacco smoke. The ratio of nicotine to diesel was 1:20, and the amount of drug used per mu was 0.4 liters. (5) Bionic agent prevention and control Under the necessary conditions, the use of diflubenzuron (30g per acre), carbenoxime (5g per acre), etc. will be used to carry out low-capacity, ultra-low-volume aerosol spraying of the aircraft, and the ground carries a low-capacity, ultra-low-volume spray. , Focus on the prevention of young larvae. The amount of medicine on the ground is 50%-100% more than that of airplane spraying. In forest lands with severe pine damage and weak growth, diflubenzuron and a small amount of urea can be sprayed together (approximately 50 grams per acre). (6) Control of chemical insecticides against pine caterpillars In principle, chemical pesticide sprays, dusting, and spraying are not used. smoke. If it is necessary to use it, it should be selected as an agent, and in the early stages of the outbreak, a small area of ​​insects should be controlled and the population of insects should be rapidly depressed. The pine caterpillars that cross the winter in the north in the winter, before the tree in spring and the fall in the fall, can be used to poison the next tree by poisoning pens, poison paper, and poison ropes that are painted on the trunk and tied with pyrethroids. And on the larvae of the tree. (7) Natural Control Act

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