Special corn cultivation technology
With the increasing food production in China and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the proportion of corn used as staple food has been significantly reduced, but it has increased significantly as a variety of industrial raw materials, especially for the development of special corn. Value and potential. The so-called special corn is a special trait that is different from ordinary corn. It not only directly utilizes high efficiency, but also can be used as a high-quality raw material for various industries to exert greater benefits. The special corn varieties mainly include high amylose corn, waxy corn, high oil corn, high lysine corn, sweet corn (pure sweet, super sweet), popcorn, silage corn and bamboo shoots. The key cultivation techniques for some high-quality special corn are introduced as follows:
1, isolation
Space and time isolation are required for different varieties to be planted at the same time. Space isolation generally needs to be more than 200m away from other corn to avoid pollen from other corn and affect quality. It is best to stagger with other corn for more than 15d.
2, planting on the ground
Choose a deep soil layer, medium soil fertility above, good structure, low groundwater level, good irrigation and drainage conditions, and require deep ploughing before winter or early spring. The spring sowing temperature can be sown at 12 °C, and the seed germination rate and germination potential can be improved by grazing for 1 to 2 days before sowing. The film mulching can be planted 10 to 20 days in advance, and the soil requirement after seeding is thinner than ordinary corn. The germination rate of seeds is over 90%, generally 30 kg for 1 h2 live seeding, and 22.5 kg for seedling transplanting. The sowing depth is generally 2.5 to 5 cm, the clay should be slightly shallow, and the sand should be slightly deep. Waxy corn and common hybrid corn are planted to the same depth. Lightly pressed after sowing, it is advantageous to produce seedlings.
3. Planting density
Generally, the planting density of early-maturing or early-maturing compact corn varieties is about 67,000 per 1 hm2.
The medium-maturing variety is 52,500 to 60,000.
4, fertilization
One is the base fertilizer. Generally, 600 kg of compound fertilizer or dried cake is applied per 1 hm2, and about 15 kg of zinc sulphate can be added per 1 hm2 in the zinc-deficient area. The fertilizer cannot be applied in the seeding ditch to prevent burning of the seedlings. The second is topdressing. 375kg urea can be applied twice per 1hm2. The first time is 6~7 leaves, the dosage is 40% of the total topdressing amount, and the second time is 10~15d before the tasseling, the dosage is 60%. Ditched from 10 to 15 cm from the root of the corn.
5, field management
4 to 5 leaves between the leaves, 6 to 7 leaves fixed seedlings, leaving the seedlings even and strong. Weeding and weeding 3 times, combined with soil and root protection, to prevent lodging, timely control of pests. First, in the trumpet period, every 15 hm2 of carbofuran is mixed with fine sand (soil) point corn cob or with methylamine phosphate 1000 times liquid or other high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides to control corn mash. The second is to spray a mixture of omethoate emulsion and methamidophos to control pests such as aphids. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and long-lasting pesticides at the ear of the season.
6, timely harvest
The purpose of planting waxy corn and sweet corn is to sell fresh green ear or process it. The commercial quality of fresh special corn is mainly determined by the harvesting period. The harvest is too early, the grain moisture content is large, the dry matter is very small, the taste is low, the yield is low, and it is difficult to preserve. The harvest is too late, the sugar in the grain is converted into starch, the seed coat is thickened, the skin is thicker, the slag is more, and the flavor and astringency are lost. Therefore, timely harvesting is extremely important. The normal accumulated temperature year is generally harvested 20 to 25 days after pollination. At this time, the moisture content of the grain is about 70%, the top of the filament becomes brown, and the grain is normal and full. When the kernel is squeezed and the milk is discharged, the flavor and taste are best. After harvesting, it will be listed on the same day of harvest, and the storage time should not exceed 24h, otherwise it will affect the quality and reduce the cockroach and sweetness.
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