Black-skin melon planting and pest control technology
Black-skin melon is mainly distributed in Sanshui, Qingyuan, Taishan and Nanhai in Guangdong Province. It is the main vegetable variety in the autumn season in South China. With the improvement of people's living standards, the market demand for black-skinned winter melon is also getting higher and higher, such as good shape of melon, dense meat, sweet, and dark skin. Due to the prevailing weather conditions, the black-skinned melon skin color cannot be turned black as scheduled, thus affecting product quality.
1. Pest control
Fusarium wilt: the rotation is carried out, the seeds are soaked with 60% anti-mildew micro-powder 500 times, or 50% Fumei double-mixed; the double-effect Lingshui agent and the green hengyi No. 1 are used in the early stage of the disease;
Blight: The onset conditions are high temperature and high humidity, low terrain, soil viscosity, and excessive watering. Control measures: use resistant varieties, and change crops. The seedbed soil is disinfected, and 8g of 25% metalaxyl powder is used per square meter. It can also be sprayed and rooted with an agent such as Anke, Kelu, Ruixin, 77% can kill powder;
Hummer: 10~20g (1500 times liquid) of high-efficiency heroes, 1000 times liquid of Haizheng worms, 600-800 times of good winter, 1000 times of vegetables, and 1000 times of killing Wei.
Whitefly: It is common in autumn, it is one of the main factors that inhibit the color of melon skin from green to black. Drug control: 10% sputum emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution, has special effects on whitefly; 25% methyl gram kills 1000 times liquid, effective for adults, eggs, nymphs. Physical control: set yellow plate trapping: 1 × 0.2 m long strips painted orange peel yellow, then apply sticky oil (10 oil + a little butter), 15 pieces per acre;
2. Choose excellent varieties. Such as "Giant 2" black skin melon (a new variety of vegetables selected by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences). Its melon shape is long cylindrical, uniform, about 53 cm long, and the weight of a single melon is about 13 kg, and the quality is excellent. The biggest feature of this variety is that when the seeds reach more than 3 kg, the skin color has been completed from dark green to black, and can be listed at any time according to the market price.
3 , suitable cultivation season. Spring sowing in Guangzhou is generally from January to February , and autumn is in mid- July . In early June to early July and winter in eastern Guangdong Province has certain risks.
4. Soil selection. It is advisable to choose sandy soil with good sun, good drainage, deep soil layer and rich organic matter. The direction of the depression is suitable for the north and south.
5. Colonization. The row spacing is 1.5 meters, the spring plant spacing is 0.8 to 1 meter, and the autumn plant spacing is 50 to 70 centimeters.
6, fertilizer management. The principle of fertilization should be mastered, diligently applied, thinly applied, light and heavy before, and properly matched with NPK. The base fertilizer is mainly based on farm manure such as chicken cow dung, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added in time after the flower is thanked. After the fruit is set, sufficient water is supplied, and the water consumption is reduced 10 to 15 days before harvesting to improve the storage and transportation performance of the winter melon.
7, topping and fighting. Remove all the side vines before fruit setting, and leave 2 to 3 side vines after fruit setting, so that they grow to 2 true leaves when topping, leaving the first and second female flowers can be listed in advance. If you want to stay in the market, you should choose the fruit set around the 30th. After the melon is set, leave 15-20 pieces of healthy leaves and top.
8, to prevent falling flowers and fruit. Artificial pollination and growth hormone treatment can increase the fruit setting rate. If the fruit is dropped due to low temperature, it can be treated with 2,4-D (15-20 micrograms).
9. Harvest period. After 35 days of pollination, it can be listed, or it can be harvested according to the market sales and the color of the melon skin color.
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