Burdock is a root vegetable, both medicinal and edible vegetables, is also one of the main vegetables for export earnings, its roots, leaves, fruits can be used as medicine, with hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-tumor, lower blood pressure, mild diuretic and diarrhea. Seeds contain up to 18.2% oil and are also superior industrial oils.
1 Characteristics and cultivation season
Burdock is a biennial or three-year-old herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, and annual cultivation is generally used in production. Its branch is exuberant, the plant height can reach 100cm, the root head is thick (transverse diameter) 3~4cm, the length can reach 60~70cm, even 100cm. Burdock is native to Asia, and it is also wildly distributed in China. It prefers a warm and humid climate. Its heat resistance is strong. The optimum growth temperature is 20-25°C. The roots have good cold resistance and can tolerate a low temperature of -5°C. The cold resistance on the aerial parts is poor. 3 Below °C is susceptible to cold death. Therefore, it can be planted in both spring and autumn in Shandong. The spring season can be planted from late March to May and harvested from September to the following year. Autumn can be planted in mid-August and harvested from early December to April-May.
2 Soil Fertilization
Cultivated burdock should be selected for its deep soil layer, good drainage conditions, loose soil, rich in organic matter, and slightly acidic or neutral soils with pH of 6 to 7, with sandy soil being the best soil and loam and clay loam. Per acre with the application of mature farmyard fertilizer 5000kg, standard nitrogen fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg, superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulfate 30kg, mixed and applied to the ditch, and then site preparation. Before planting in accordance with the planting strip, deep-dip more than 80cm, to reach deep, thin, transparent, uniform and flat. It is better to use high ridges and double rows, with north-south direction being appropriate, ridge height 30cm, large row spacing 80cm, and small row spacing 40cm.
3 Seeding methods and post-broadcast management
The seed coat of burdock seeds is thick and needs to be treated before sowing. Soak the seeds with warm water of 50-60°C for 4-6 hours, remove the pods and seeds, drain the water, and sow. In order to prevent the damage of underground pests, 5% of Shennongdan per acre can be sprinkled with 5kg of finely mixed soil on the surface of the loquat evenly before sowing. The effect is very good. In the event of drought, water should be poured in the ridge. The sowing method is used for sowing. The depth of sowing is 3 to 4 cm, and the earth covering after planting is 1.5 to 2 cm, and it is kept moist. 10 to 15 days to emerge. After emergence, 2 to 3 true leaves time seedlings, 4 to 5 leaves when the Dingmiao, Dingmiao when the spacing of 10 ~ 15cm, with an amount of about 0.7kg per mu. In the seedling stage, seedling type Tianda-2116 plant cell membrane stabilizer can be sprayed twice, each interval of 8 days, can effectively promote root growth, to achieve seedlings full seedling strong, promote seedling growth, enhance disease resistance and drought resistance.
4 cultivating soil and fertilizer management
In the early stage of growth, burdock should be cultivated and weeded in time to pay attention to soil cultivation, prevention of drought and damage to underground pests. When cultivating soil, pay attention to not burying growth points. Field topdressing should be carried out during the seedling stage, with quick-acting fertilizers and decomposing human excrement as well, and the dosage is flexible depending on the seedling condition and soil quality. Late summer and early fall often encounter high temperatures and rain, if the water within the culprit, it is prone to black spot disease, leading to rot, and timely drainage drainage. During the middle and later stages of fleshy root growth, two rhizome-type plant-transmembrane stabilizers can be sprayed, which can improve the resistance of plants and the ability to resist drought and resist drought. It can accelerate the transfer of photosynthetic products from the shoot to the underground, and increase the calf. The commodity rate and improve its quality. The overwintering burdock seedlings planted in autumn are of small seedling age. In order to successfully pass through the winter, the local daily average temperature should be reduced to 7 to 8°C during the period from late November to early December.
5 Timely Pest Control
Burdock disease mainly includes powdery mildew and bacterial black spot. Powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying 20% ​​carbendazim or 20% triadimefon 1000 times. Bacterial black spot occurs at the junction of the surface of the soil and the rhizome, and it can be used to control the roots with 3000 times liquid. Insect pests mainly include grasshoppers, tigers, earthworms, and nematodes. The aphids can be treated with 40% Dimethoate 1000 times solution or 50% Pioneer mist wettable powder 2000 times solution; the tigers and earthworms can be treated with 50% phoxim EC 1000 times solution; 40% can be used for root-knot nematode The methyl iso-isoprene EC 1500 times liquid to root control.
6 timely harvest
According to the growth of the fleshy roots and the requirements of the processing companies, they were harvested in batches. Spring sowing burdock began harvesting from September. Autumn sowing burdock began harvesting from April to May of the following year. At the time of harvest, use a sharp knife to cut away the leafy clumps at a distance of 10 cm from the surface of the ground, dig it to the straight root 30 to 40 cm away with a spade, and then pull out. Take care to prevent root breakage and root damage. If the soil is too hard, you can pour it once before harvesting. The roots of the fleshy roots after harvesting must be rooted and sedimented, and should be trimmed at the point where the petioles stay at 1 to 1.5 cm. They should be graded according to the acquisition criteria. The fleshy roots should be straight, intact, free of pests, no mechanical damage, no mildew, no hollows. Grade 1 product length up to 70cm, thick 2 ~ 4cm; 2 product length 51 ~ 70cm, thick 2cm or more; defective length 31 ~ 50cm, crude 1 ~ 3cm. All fleshy roots, malformations, or lengths less than 30 cm are unqualified products. Then, they were tied in batches of 5kg each, and immediately sent to the processing plant.
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