I. Overview
Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, cauliflower, and white flowers, is a variant of cruciferous cabbage. The main edible part is a flower ball made of short-shrinking and tender flowering branches. It is famous for its white snow and crisp quality. Cauliflower is neither cold nor heat-resistant, and has a wide range of adaptation in seedling stage and vegetative growth period, that is, 8-23 ° C, frozen below 0 ° C. The flower bulb is small and rough over 23 ° C, and it is easy to appear hairy flowers and small leaf flowers. Cauliflower does not require high light intensity. High temperature and strong light make the flower ball yellow and purple, and the hair is covered with appropriate folds to make the flower ball white. Cauliflower prefers moist environmental conditions, suitable air humidity is 80~90%, soil moisture is 70~80%
Second, the variety selection
According to the season, we choose excellent varieties with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, good storage, good commercial quality and heat resistance or cold resistance. Such as Tianwang Baiyang, Taibai, Gaofu No.3 and so on.
Third, seed treatment
Black rot and fungal black disease can be controlled by using commodity coated sterilized seeds or using 4% Fumei double seed dressing with 0.3% by weight of seeds.
Fourth, nursery
1. Breeding method: According to the cultivation season, you can choose open field, small arch shed, greenhouse seedling and add seedling seedlings. In the summer, when the rain is heavy, the small arch shed is used. In the spring and autumn, the open field is used for sowing, and in the winter, it is used in the greenhouse and the small arch shed. The sowing method is on-demand, the row spacing is 5cm, the grain distance is 3cm, and the thickness of the covering soil is 0.3cm~0.5cm.
2. Preparation of nutrient soil: 60% of vegetable garden soil without cruciferous vegetables and disease-free insect sources, 40% of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, and ternary compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15) 0.1% evenly. Mix and make nutritious soil.
3, seedbed soil disinfection: 15kg ~ 30kg of soil per square meter seed bed for bed surface disinfection. Use 8g-10g 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram double equal amount mixture and then mix with 15kg-30kg nutrient soil, 2/3 in the seedling bed when planting, and 1/3 cover the seed.
4, seedling management: 1 seedlings 2 to 3 true leaves, can be poured 2 to 3 times 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture. It is drenched with water the day before planting. 2 smelting seedlings: timely seedlings, proper ventilation and smelting, control seedlings, and timely extract diseased and weak worms.
5, strong seedling standards: plant height 15cm, stem thick 0.3cm, 4 ~ 5 true leaves, cotyledons intact, leaf color dark green, according to the system developed, no pests and diseases.
V. Daejeon Management
1. Selection of fields: The former scorpion is a non-cruciferous vegetable, and conditions are used for water and drought rotation.
2. Fertilization: When preparing the land, medium fertility applies 5000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, 16kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 50kg of superphosphate, and 16kg of phosphate of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is mainly based on high-quality farmyard manure, two-thirds of which are applied, and one-third of the ditch is applied. The rainy season is made into a deep ditch and the other seasons are made flat.
3. Planting density: choose to plant in fine weather or cloudy days. Line spacing 45cm, plant spacing 40 ~ 45cm, planting 3000 ~ 3300 plants per acre, each plant per plant, planted after watering.
4, field management: 1 after planting, depending on the weather conditions, slow seedling water. Immediately after the slow seedling, 0.3% urea water was poured once, and after 5 days, 0.5% urea water was poured once, and the seedlings were combined with cultivating and weeding. After the 2nd group, the topdressing is started. The principle of topdressing is “pre-promotion, central control, and post-attackâ€; every 7 to 10 days, the acre is treated with urea 7kg and water twice. 3 "Twisted", the acre with urea 7kg plus potassium sulfate 4kg mixed and poured with water, during this period every 3 to 4 days watering once, keep the surface moist, not water shortage. 4 When the flower ball has eggs, chase the flower fertilizer once, use 9kg of urea per acre, 4kg of potassium sulfate, and mix it with water once. 5 Cauliflower is sensitive to trace elements of boron, molybdenum and calcium. At the time of "twisting", 0.3% of new boron fertilizer was applied to the roots 3 to 4 times, and sprayed every 5 to 7 days. 6 When the flower ball grows to a size of 5 to 10 cm, fold a pair of heart leaves over the flower ball.
Sixth, pest control
1. Pests and diseases: The main diseases in the seedling stage are rickets. The main diseases in the field are downy mildew and black rot. The main pests are Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae and aphids.
2. Principles of prevention and control: In accordance with the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive preventionâ€, adhere to the principle of “agricultural prevention, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical controlâ€.
3, prevention and treatment methods: the use of Liuyangmycin, agricultural anti-120, azadirachtin, matrine and other biological pesticides for biological pesticide control, the application of water and drought rotation, removal of diseased leaves and weeds cut source of pests and diseases for agriculture Prevention and control; application of yellow plate, frequency vibration insecticidal lamp to trap pests and other physical control.
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