An electromagnetic flowmeter is an instrument that applies the principle of electromagnetic induction to measure the flow of a conductive fluid based on the electromotive force induced by the conductive fluid through an applied magnetic field.
The structure of the electromagnetic flowmeter is mainly composed of a magnetic circuit system, a measuring conduit, an electrode, a casing, a lining and a converter.
The function of the magnetic circuit system is to generate a uniform DC or AC magnetic field. The DC magnetic circuit is realized by a permanent magnet, which has the advantages of simple structure and less interference by the alternating magnetic field, but it is easy to polarize the electrolyte liquid in the measuring duct, so that the positive electrode is surrounded by negative ions, and the negative electrode is positive ion Surrounding, that is, the polarization phenomenon of the electrode, and causing an increase in internal resistance between the two electrodes, thus seriously affecting the normal operation of the meter. When the diameter of the pipe is large, the permanent magnets are correspondingly large, bulky and uneconomical, so the electromagnetic flowmeter generally adopts an alternating magnetic field and is generated by the excitation of a 50HZ power frequency power source.
The function of the measuring catheter is to pass the conductive liquid to be tested. In order to make the magnetic flux diverted or short-circuited when the magnetic flux passes through the measuring catheter, the measuring catheter must be made of non-magnetic, low electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. Non-magnetic stainless steel, FRP, high strength can be selected. Plastic, aluminum, etc.
The electrode action is the induced potential signal that is proportional to and measured. The electrodes are typically made of non-magnetically conductive stainless steel and are required to be flush with the liner so that the fluid passes without obstruction. It should be installed in the vertical direction of the pipe to prevent deposits from accumulating on it and affecting the measurement accuracy.
The outer casing is made of ferromagnetic material and is the outer cover of the distribution system excitation coil and isolates the interference of the external magnetic field.
The lining is on the inside of the measuring tube and on the flange sealing surface, with a complete electrical insulation lining. It directly contacts the liquid to be measured, and its function is to increase the corrosion resistance of the measuring catheter and prevent the induced potential from being short-circuited by the metal measuring tube wall. Most of the lining materials are PTFE plastics and ceramics that are resistant to corrosion, high temperature and wear.
The induced potential signal generated by the liquid flow of the converter is very weak and is greatly affected by various interference factors. The function of the converter is to amplify and convert the induced potential signal into a unified standard signal and suppress the main interference signal. Its task is to amplify the induced potential signal Ex detected by the electrode into a unified standard DC signal.
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