Demystifying the next five applications of next-generation gene sequencing in the biomedical field

In the current next-generation gene sequencing (NGS) market, Illumina continues to dominate. Since the introduction of the HiSeq X sequencing platform, the cost of gene sequencing has been greatly reduced, even the cost of research-grade whole-genome sequencing has been stable at around $1,000. Since then, the only competitor at this level, the Revolocity sequencer of Huada Gene, has also struggled. This has also led many researchers to speculate that this will lead to a lack of competitiveness in this area, leading to the development of NGS (at least in short-chain reading studies) is very slow. But the good news is that the application of NGS in other fields is also very rapid.

Recently, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News has done an inventory of these areas, and the author compiled the main content.

1. Long-chain reading technology

NGS has made great progress in the field of long-chain reading, revealing the complexity of gene-combined transcription. In the analysis of the genome, the main problem is to process the DNA of the repeat sequence. If the sequence repeat is longer than the length of the basic reading, then achieving a unique mapping of the reference genome becomes difficult, if not impossible.

Coincidentally, the process of gene transcription analysis faces the same challenges. "Most genes contain multiple exons, so that the length of the mRNA is longer than the reading range." Dr. Brenton Gravely of Personalized Healthcare said: "So, using long-chain reading to accurately understand the existence of specific samples. Which isomer is unlikely."

Oxford Nanopore is a highly regarded gene sequencing company. Last spring, Oxford Nanopore pioneered the nanopore-based sequencer MinION. Although Oxford Nanopore later delayed the official release, the company has indeed promoted its technology to the public. Currently, more than 1,000 research teams use the MinION sequencer.

Within a year of the initial release, MinION's production has grown from less than 100 million to more than 1 billion through a series of improvements in enzymatic chemistry and nanopore design. In terms of quality, yield and cost, there is still a gap between MinION and Illumina, but Oxford Nanopore's instruments have advantages in two aspects: reading length and mobility.

In the user's report, the average length of thousands of readings exceeded 100,000. The input quality of DNA and the provision of storage seem to be the only real factor limiting the length of reading. That is to say, if the input quality and the preliminary storage are satisfied, the reading length can be extended.

At the same time, MinION is a hand-held sequencer that can even collect data in the field without bringing the processed samples back to the lab for analysis. In the beginning, data quality was much lower than Illumina, but with improvements, data quality has improved dramatically. The latest R9 main shortcut mode, in an ideal environment, the accuracy of the test has risen to 95%.

Pacific Bio is a leader in long-chain reading sequencing and has achieved fruitful results in recent years. Last year, the American Society for Human Genetics announced a new platform, Sequel. This platform is the result of cooperation with Roche, which has improved in all aspects compared to the previous RS II.

Compared with the RS II, Sequel has a higher output rate, takes up less than 2/3 of the previous space, and costs only half of the previous one. Pacific Biosciences has long hoped that the platform will be able to take full advantage of the chemical and supply issues, especially for the consumption of SMRT (single molecule, real time) cells. Currently, both issues seem to be resolved, and the company is waiting for data feedback from the first batch of customers.

In addition to the above two, influential in the industry is GemCode's 10X Genomics, which can generate data from the underlying short-chain reading data. Although there are some flaws in this technique, for example, it is not very useful for repeats that are longer than the underlying short-chain reads. But the platform is working well, and a joint marketing agreement was signed with Illumina earlier this year. If Illumina's Moleculo synthetic long-chain reading technology declines, the agreement comes into effect.

Despite advances, long-chain reading techniques, especially gene transcription sequencing, still have problems that still need to be addressed. "One of the problems is the throughput of these platforms, but the bigger problem is that the reverse transcriptase is not enough." Dr. Gravely explained: "In the direct sequencing of RNA, the reverse transcriptase with superior performance can take Great change."

To the excitement of transcriptional researchers, Oxford Nanopore, in a recent paper, showed that they are embarking on a commercial kit that uses MinION to directly sequence RNA.

Auxiliary Facilities

The greenhouse a filled with equipment like hydroponic, irrigation, auxiliary lighting ,temperature and humidity control and also may be automatically controlled by a computer to maximize potential growth.
Hydroponics can be used to make the most use of the interior space. The relatively closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique management requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Most greenhouses use sprinklers or drip lines. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather vegetables.

Auxiliary Facilities,Greenhouse Ventilation Fan,Greenhouse Fogging System,Greenhouse Movable Irrigation

JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.thgreenhouse.com