1. Taming
Silage can be used as the main roughage for herbivores, cattle and sheep, and generally accounts for less than 50% of dry matter in the diet. Silage is a good succulent feed, but livestock that have not been fed silage tend not to love it when they start feeding. After a tame phase, almost all livestock feed. The method of domestication is to first mix a small amount of silage with a small amount of concentrated feed and fully feed it after the animals are sterilized, so that the animals cannot picky eaters. After 1-2 weeks of uninterrupted feeding, most livestock are generally quick to get used to. Then gradually increase the amount of feeding. Feeding silage is best not to be interrupted. On the one hand, it prevents the feed in the cellar from spoiling and deteriorates. On the other hand, livestock frequently changing feeds can easily cause indigestion or production instability.
2. Feeding method
Feed silage should always pay attention to the cleaning of the feed tank, and the remaining silage should be immediately removed from the trough. When feeding silage in winter and spring, it is necessary to follow the feeding and prevent the silage from being frosted or frozen. It is better to feed silage in the livestock house or warm shed, and then feed hay and concentrate feed to shorten the silage. The time of eating. Winter and early spring are cold and there is a large amount of moisture in the silage. Livestock cannot be fed in large quantities, and a certain amount of hay or crushed dry corn stalk should be mixed. During the feeding process, if there is diarrhea in the livestock, the amount should be reduced or stopped, and continue to be used after returning to normal. Feeding dairy cows with silage should be done after milking. Do not store silage in the crowded breasts to avoid damaging the smell of milk. Because silage contains a large amount of organic acids and has a laxative effect, it is not advisable to feed more females during the later period of pregnancy and stop feeding for 15 days before birth. Poor silage is harmful to the health of the carcass and it can easily cause miscarriage and cannot be fed.
Silage in dairy farms must ensure a balanced supply throughout the year. Silage is also an important source of roughage for large-scale beef cattle farms. If the quantity of silage is sufficient and the quality is stable, the milk production of the cow and the weight gain rate of the beef cattle can be kept constant.
The dry matter free feed intake of cattle to silage is lower than that of green barley feed or hay with the same effective energy. Forage grass silage reduces the food intake more than corn silage. The reason for the low food intake of silage is not yet clear, and may be related to factors such as toxic amines produced by protein degradation, acid inhibition, and obstruction of the synthesis of rumen microbes. Some people think that the high water content of silage is the main reason.
Because of the low feed intake of silage, silage in cattle diets should not be used as the sole source of roughage, but should be fed with roughage such as hay.
In the current situation in China, crude milk accounts for 40%-80% of dairy cows and beef cattle diets, and silage dry matter can account for 1/2-2/3 of dry matter. When calculating, 2kg of 70% moisture content of high-moisture silage 3kg or 40% moisture content of semi-dry silage is converted to 1kg of hay.
3. Feeding amount
The amount of silage fed to various types of livestock is determined according to the species of livestock and the type and quality of silage. Good quality silage can be fed, but it cannot completely replace the entire feed.
Adult cattle feed silage every 100kg of body weight on a daily basis: 5-7kg for lactating cattle, 4-5kg for fattening cattle, 4-4.5kg for working cattle, and 1.5-2.0kg for breeding bulls.
The daily feed rate of sheep per 100 kg body weight is: 4 to 5 kg for adult sheep and 0.4 to 0.6 kg for lambs.
Milk goats fed the amount per 100kg body weight per day: lactating ewes 1.5 to 3.0kg, young ewes 1.0 to 1.5kg, and rams 1.0 to 1.5kg.
The amount of horses fed on a daily basis: horses can feed 12 to 15 kg per horse per day. Breeding mares and cubs over 1 year old can feed 6 to 10 kg per day.
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