In agricultural production, how should we avoid the occurrence of fat damage, and how should we deal with fat damage?
Causes and symptoms
1. Nutrient concentration is too high
Reason: The total amount of chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer applied is too much, exceeding the amount required by the crop. In the case of insufficient soil moisture, it is easy to cause the soil salt concentration to be too high, and the function of the crop to absorb nutrients and water is blocked, even serious. The reverse flow of water in the cells occurs, and reverse osmosis occurs, which causes the dehydration of the root cells of the crop to produce fertilizer.
Symptoms: Dehydration of vegetables, phenomenon of burning seedlings, root burning, leaf deformity, etc., affecting growth in a light manner, and causing death in severe cases.
2. Gas poisoning type fertilizer
Reason: Gas poisoning type fertilizer mainly refers to the poisoning of ammonia gas, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide gas, most of which are caused by decomposition and volatilization of fertilizer. Nitrogen and organic fertilizers will evaporate ammonia, especially in low-temperature, alkaline soil environments. When the ammonia concentration reaches a certain amount, acute damage will occur in the aerial parts of the crop. After applying a large amount of raw cake fertilizer and organic manure in the greenhouse, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide will be generated during the decomposition process, and further oxidation in the air to form sulfur dioxide will cause the mesophyll tissue to lose turgor and wilting.
Symptoms: Acute injury occurs in the aerial parts of the crop, the mesophyll tissue collapses, the chlorophyll disintegrates, and spots or blocky dark brown spots appear between the veins, causing the whole plant to die in severe cases.
3. Salt accumulation type fat damage
Reason: Due to the large amount of fertilizer applied, some soluble salts in the soil will accumulate on the surface. The high content of salt on the surface will cause the root growth to be severely hindered, and some plots may not even be cultivated.
Symptoms: Plant dwarfing, leaf color black and green have a feeling of hardening, and fruit growth is slow.
Avoidance methods and governance measures
Fertilization on demand should be based on the fertilizer requirements of the crop, the characteristics of soil fertilization and the effects of fertilizers. It should be measured before application and applied according to the concentration. Especially the nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied too much at one time, and the foliar application concentration should not be too high.
Add organic fertilizer to increase the amount of organic fertilizer, or choose a good bio-stimulant. Note that organic manure fertilizer must be fertilized before application, especially livestock manure, and it should be used in combination with chemical fertilizer after fermentation.
The application of biological bacteria fertilizer has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolving, potassium dissolving, inhibiting plant rhizosphere pathogens, regulating the composition of soil microbial flora, improving soil ecological environment, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, and improving crop stress resistance.
Use the correct fertilization method. Do not apply fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer) to the soil surface. The depth of fertilization should be 5-10 cm. When topdressing, keep an appropriate distance from the crop plants. Generally speaking, it should be about 10 cm from the root system, and it should be applied deep, and the soil should be covered immediately after topdressing. When the soil is too dry, it is necessary to fill the water in time to prevent rooting. When the fertilizer is sprayed on the foliage, the suitable concentration of various trace elements is generally 0.01% to 0.1%, and the large amount of elements is 0.3% to 1.5%. When applying fertilizer, the fertilizer and the seed should not be in direct contact, and the fertilizer should be kept ectopic, and the dosage should not be too large. It is also not possible to mix with ammonium bicarbonate, superphosphate, urea, lime nitrogen and other chemical fertilizers to avoid burning or burning seedlings.
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