How to plant Hericium erinaceus

The artificial cutting of Hericium erinaceus has formed different scales in various places. The outstanding problem is that although the calving can reach the standard, the ratio of high-grade products is not much, which reduces the value of the commodity and affects the economic benefits of the producer. In order to produce high-grade Hericium erinaceus, we should pay attention to the following links. Let's take a look at the cultivation technology of Hericium erinaceus!

The planting time is arranged for the thermophilic strain of Hericium erinaceus, and the fungus with low temperature and firmness. The growth temperature of mycelium is 10 °C ~ 33 °C, and the optimum temperature is 25 °C ~ 28 °C. The fruiting body grows from 12 ° C to 24 ° C, and is optimally 16 ° C to 20 ° C. The growth is slower than 25 ° C, and the fruiting body turns red below 12 ° C.

According to its biological characteristics, the best production season to comply with the natural temperature should be inoculated in the autumn (in late September), to the small snow (late November), 1 to 2 batches of mushrooms, and another spring in the spring. It can be inoculated in early spring, warmed and cultured, and mushrooms from March to April.

The medium should be cultured according to the conditions of the non-polluted edible fungi, and the fresh, no-maste and spoilage, non-toxic and harmful hyphae should be required. The additive content should not exceed 5%.

1. 4% wood chips, 40% cottonseed, 18% wheat bran, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum powder.
2. Cottonseed hulls are 82%, wheat bran is 15%, gypsum powder is 2%, and phosphate fertilizer is 1%.
3. 38% cottonseed hulls, 20% wood chips, 20% corn white waste, 16% wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 2% gypsum powder. The water content of the formula is about 60%, and the pH 6 is suitable before sterilization.

The size of the cultivation bag is 12.3 cm × 52 cm for spring planting and 13.5 cm × 56 cm for autumn planting. Bagging, sterilization, and cooling are routine.

High-quality maternal culture of Hericium erinaceus fungus bags usually hit 3 to 4 inoculation points, in order to prevent "disease from the mouth", strict "three requirements" when inoculation:

1. The bag temperature should be reduced to below 28 °C before inoculation.
2. The strain is pretreated, that is, the surface aging hyphae and the formed tumor-like or coral-like fruiting bodies are scraped off.
3. Choose to vaccinate on a sunny evening or early morning, and vaccinate strictly according to aseptic procedures. After inoculation, the mycelium is germinated to a mycelium for about 20 to 25 days, and the bag can be filled.

The management mainly adjusts the temperature. In the first 4 days after inoculation, the indoor greenhouse is 26 °C ~ 28 °C, so that the hyphae can accelerate the feeding in the optimal environment, spread the planting, and cause the advantage and reduce the pollution of the bacteria. Within 5 to 15 days, as the hyphae develops, the temperature inside the bag rises, and the bag temperature is 2 °C higher than the room temperature. At this time, the room temperature should be adjusted to about 25 °C.

After 16 days, the hyphae gradually enter the metabolic period, and should be controlled at 20 °C ~ 23 °C. In the spring, the cultivation temperature is low, and the bacteria can be heated to promote the normal growth and development of the hyphae. Pay attention to prevent high temperature in autumn, and require indoor dry culture during the germination period. The relative humidity of air should be 70% or less, and be careful to avoid light.

The directional mushroom-induced Hericium erinaceus is an aerobic fungus. The cultivation site requires fresh air, and the mushroom shed is ideal. The bacteria bag is cultivated indoors for about 25 days. When the mycelium is physiologically mature, it will be transferred from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Hericium erinaceus usually shows that the hyphae have not yet filled the bag, and it begins to differentiate into a fruiting body.

Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to observation, timely move the bag to the field in the wild shed, and carry out the surface layer of the original bacteria to induce the directional and neatly produced mushrooms. There are three common ways of posing:

1. 4 to 5 layers of the frame, intensive three-dimensional cultivation.
2. 1 shelf and 2 bags. 1 bag of ground lying flat, the mouth is facing up, 1 bag lying flat on the rack, the hole is down.
3. Simulate the cultivation of open-faced mushrooms, leaning against a swinging bag, or building on both sides, with a single bag lying flat and the mouth down.

Comparison of the above three methods, the first one, the space utilization rate is high, forming a three-dimensional, but the moisture retention is poor, and it is easy to form the bald mushroom and the shrinking mushroom. The latter two beneficial mushroom bodies form bristles and are white in color. Because the bristles of the Hericium erinaceus have a clear "earthward" growth, but the rainy season, the water in the trampoline, poor ventilation, prone to rotten mushrooms. Leaning against the bag during the mushrooming period, do not easily reverse the bacteria bag, otherwise the bristles will not grow up and become deformed mushrooms.

Planting environment control Hericium erinaceus to obtain high-grade products, the mushroom stage must strengthen the following aspects of management:

1. Adjusting the temperature: After the bacteria bag is placed in the field, the bud should be carried out from the original germination temperature to the optimum temperature of the mushrooming period of 16 ° C to 20 ° C. In a moderate temperature environment, from small buds to the development of mushrooms, usually 10 to 12 days can be harvested. When the temperature exceeds 23 °C, the fruiting body develops slowly, which causes the stipe to proliferate continuously. The mushroom body is dissipated into a cauliflower-like deformed mushroom, or a bald-headed bald mushroom. Mushroom body atrophy occurs more than 25 °C. Therefore, in the mushrooming stage, special attention should be paid to controlling the temperature. If the temperature exceeds the specified temperature, four measures can be taken:

1 Space sprayed water. 2 sulcus irrigation and humidification. 3 shed cover is thickened. 4 staggered ventilation time, the implementation of morning and evening film exhaust ventilation. Open the cover at both ends at noon to make the airflow smooth. Create suitable for temperature and promote the growth of young buds.

2, strengthen ventilation: Hericium erinaceus is an aerobic fungus, if the ventilation is poor, carbon dioxide deposition is too much, stimulate the stipe to keep branching, inhibit the development of the central part, there will be coral-shaped deformed mushrooms. Under such saturated humidity and still air, it is more likely to become deformed mushroom body, or contaminated by bacteria. For this reason, the field should be planted and ventilated for 30 minutes every day at 8:00 am. When the fruiting body grows up, it should be ventilated every morning and evening, and the ventilation time should be extended appropriately. But avoid the wind blowing straight into the mushroom body to avoid shrinking.

3, control humidity: fruit body growth and development period must be scientific management of water, according to the size of the mushroom body, surface color, climate and other conditions, different amounts of water spray. Do not spray the mushrooms, especially if the mouth is swung downwards or the bag is placed on the ground. It is enough to use the ground, and generally does not spray water. If the climate is dry, water can be stored shallowly in the sulcus to allow water to evaporate on the mushroom body. Check the humidity is appropriate, can be observed from the bristles, if the bristles are white, strong elasticity, indicating that the humidity is suitable.

If the mushroom body is sallow, the bristles are not obvious, and the long speed is slow, then the humidity is insufficient, so it is necessary to spray water and humidify. The water spray must be combined with ventilation to make the air fresh and the fruiting bodies thrive. However, it is necessary to prevent blind and excessive water spray, causing the fruit body to be mildewed. The cultivation site must create a relative humidity of 85% to 90%.

The young mushroom is sensitive to the spatial humidity response, and if it is less than 70%, the differentiated fruiting body stops growing. Even if it is humidified to restore growth, the surface of the mushroom remains permanently stained. If it is higher than 95%, combined with poor ventilation, it is easy to cause contamination of bacteria, create suitable humidity can take:

1 ditch irrigation, increase ground moisture.

2 nozzles face the sky, space spray.

3 Cover the plastic film on the trampoline to moisturize.

4 cultivated in the bud stage, can be covered with wet gauze or newspaper to increase the humidity.

4, moderate light: the long mushroom period should have scattered light, generally 300 ~ 600 lux illuminance. In the wild, the shed has mastered the "three-point yang and seven-point yin, and the flowers and flowers are shining in" to meet the growth needs of the fruiting bodies.

Harvest management of Hericium erinaceus occurs from the buds to the maturity of the fruiting bodies, generally 10 to 12 days when the environmental conditions are appropriate. Some can also mature in advance in 8 to 10 days. Mature sign: The mushroom body is white, the thorns are rough, and the spores are started to eject, and a thin white powder is deposited on the surface of the bacteria bag. According to the requirements of the Hericium market, the maturity of harvesting is slightly different.

Hericium erinaceus, which is preserved in the market or salted, should be harvested when the thorns have not been extended, or have been formed but the length is not more than 0.5 cm, and the spores have not been released in large quantities. At this time, the color is white, the flavor is pure and pure, and there is no bitterness or very bitter taste. If it is used as a medicinal Hericium erinaceus, dehydration and drying as a commodity, the maturity of the fruiting body can be extended, and it is better to harvest the thorns by about 1 cm.

Hericium erinaceus can generally be harvested in 3 batches, and some can also receive 4 batches. However, the first 1-2 batches have high yield and high grade, which generally accounts for 80% of the total output. The regeneration of the mushroom was stopped after the first batch of mushrooms was harvested for 3 days. The film was ventilated for 12 hours to shrink the surface of the mushroom root after harvesting to prevent mold.

Then adjust the temperature to 23 ° C ~ 25 ° C, so that mycelium accumulates nutrients. The primordium appeared in about 5 days, and the young buds formed in about 10 days. At this time, the temperature was lowered to 16 ° C to 20 ° C, and the air humidity was increased to about 90%, and the fruit body grew healthily. The whole production cycle ends at 60 to 70 days under normal temperature conditions, and the bioconversion rate is generally 90% to 100%.

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