In 2016, how can we reduce the damage caused by freezing damage by fertilizing crops?

Today, we are greeted with the "shock" of the 24 solar terms. The folks in our country have the saying "after the thrilling festival, the spring plowing can not rest." During the horror season, the temperature began to rise, and the rain gradually increased. When farmers everywhere grabbed the farm, they arranged various kinds of farming according to local conditions. However, weather forecasts show that the northern part of the country will usher in a round of cooling weather in the coming week. The cooling weather is not good for the weak agriculture of facility agriculture and northern winter wheat. It is recommended to do warm work in facility agriculture. The winter wheat in the north wheat field should pay attention to heat preservation and timely recovery of green fertilizer to promote the healthy growth of winter wheat.

Agricultural broadcast

According to the statistics of the agricultural affairs department, the winter wheat of the Huanghuai area has returned to green, and some winter wheat in the northwestern part of the northwest and central and southern parts of China have returned to green, and the greening period is close to normal. In the south of South China, spring ploughing has begun, and early rice in Hainan, southern Guangdong, southwestern Guangxi, and southern Fujian has begun planting and breeding, and spring maize in Guangxi has begun planting.

Important farming

Crop: Wheat

Location: Tunxi County, Anhui Province

Early warning: wheat jointing, seedling fertilization

Affected by low temperature and low rainy weather in November last year, wheat individuals and groups were smaller than the previous year and the same period of the previous year, the leaf age was low, the individual was weak, the group was small, and the secondary roots were less, plus the cold wave rain and snow on January 22-25. The impact of the general blade is frozen, so Li Qingyun, a golden straw hat agricultural technology expert, puts forward the following technical opinions on the field management.

First, due to fertilization of seedlings, promote the transformation of seedlings. The leaves are frozen more than 1/2 or the main stems and large tillers are frozen in 20%-30% of the wheat seedlings, and 5-7 kg of urea is applied to the acre; the upper leaves are completely frozen but the branches are normal or the main The stems and large tillers are frozen to 30%-50% of the wheat field, and 8-10 kg of urea is applied to the acre to accelerate the growth of the wheat seedlings.

For the late weak seedlings with acreage of less than 600,000, the frozen yellow hair seedlings, the yellow soil seedlings caused by the straw returning to the field, and the yellow seedlings caused by the yellow mosaic disease, combined with rainfall, 5-10 per acre. Kg of urea, in order to promote spring tillering early and fast, secondary root squirting, to make up for the shortage of stems before winter, increase the rate of tillering and increase the number of ears per mu. The number of acres of stems and stalks in the field of more than 800,000, in early spring to control fertilizer, should not be followed by the application of green fertilizer, to be fixed in the first section of wheat, the color of the leaves turned light after the pursuit of joint fertilizer.

Second, the general application of fertilizer. For the wheat fields that have not been traced back to the green fertilizer, in the middle and late March, the rain will be applied for 5 to 7.5 kg per mu. For the wheat fields that have been re-applied to the green fertilizer, the seedlings can be seen, and the fertilizers should be postponed until the end of March to the beginning of April, and 3-5 kg ​​of urea should be applied per mu. The total amount of topdressing in the regreening and jointing stages should not exceed 12.5 kg of urea.

Third, green prevention and control, timely control of pests and diseases. For chemical weeding or incomplete weeding before winter, when the average daily temperature reaches 5 °C or above, chemical weeding should be carried out in a timely manner without wind and clear weather.

Broadleaf weeds with 75% benzsulfuron per acre, or 40% oxazolone suspending agent 50-60 ml, or 5.8% difluoro-razolamide 10 ml, or 20% fluoxetine EC 50 - 60 ml, or 50-60 g of difluoro-fluorochloroester water dispersant, or 60-80 ml of 15% difluoro-fluorochloropyrrol suspension;

Monocotyledonous weeds with 5% oxazolinol emulsifiable concentrate 60-80 ml per acre, or 15% acetylene oxalate wettable powder 20-30 g, or 3% methyl disulfuron emulsifiable concentrate 30 ml or 6.9% sinister 60-70 ml of Cao Ling water emulsion; 30 kg of water, sprayed on stems and leaves before wheat jointing; one of the mixed wheat fields of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds can be sprayed with one of them.

For the prevention and treatment of sheath blight, 20% of the bud suspension agent 100 ml or 12.5% ​​diniconazole wettable powder 50 g, 5% Jinggangmycin water 100-200 ml per mu, and the base of the stem is applied.

For controlling aphids, 15 g of 20% acetamiprid wettable powder, 30 g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 30-35 g of 7.5% chlorofluridazine wettable powder, or 24% anti-pyridinium wettable powder 20 - 30 grams.

The control wheat spider can be controlled by spraying 5% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 30 ml or 20% hydrazine emulsifiable concentrate 30 ml.

Fourth, prosperous wheat fields, timely control against lodging. For plots with more than 1.2 million acres of stems or planting varieties with poor resistance to lodging, spray the chemical control agent before and after the wheat is raised, inhibit the elongation of the first internode of the base, control the excessive growth of the plants, and promote the roots. Tie, improve the ability to resist.

Fifth, prevent cold damage in the spring. It is easy to cause freezing damage when the wheat encounters a low temperature of -5 °C - 8 °C before jointing and a low temperature of about 0 °C after jointing. The timely irrigation of the dry wheat fields before the arrival of the cold current ensures sufficient moisture and can reduce the damage of cold damage.

After the occurrence of freezing damage, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time and find that after the leaves and young ears are frozen, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or the sprayed surface fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the growth of the wheat. For the field where the young ears are severely frozen, it is necessary to treat the fertilizer in the early stage and supplement the urea with the foliar fertilizer to promote the rapid growth of wheat and reduce the disaster losses.

Crop: Grape

Location: Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province

Early warning: the amount of water and fertilizer needed to be unearthed should be moderate

Grape buds in Shijiazhuang area will soon be unearthed. Doing a good job of management during this period is conducive to flowering results and increasing the fruit setting rate. At present, in response to the misunderstanding of farmers in fertilizing water, Li Hengzhen, a farmer's expert in Jincao, reminds growers that they have the following precautions:

1. 1. Do a good job in the Qingyuan. The specific method is to spray the trunk of the stone sulphur mixture, anti-corrosion disease, rough skin disease, and ring disease.
2. 2. Do not water or fertilize a lot. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer, more boron fertilizer and other trace element fertilizers, promote flowering results and increase fruit setting rate. A large amount of watering is unfavorable for heat preservation, and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will cause a long bud period, which is unfavorable for later fruit setting.
3. 3. Prevent freezing buds. Generally, the growers will be unearthed in mid-March. It is recommended that the date of unearthing be delayed by 8-10 days until the end of March to prevent cold buds from freezing.

Crop: fruit tree

Early warning: early prevention and control of pests and diseases

As the temperature gradually rises, we should actively carry out pest control work in orchards to reduce pests and diseases in the growing season of fruit trees:

1. 1. Clean the orchard. Thoroughly clean the orchard, remove fallen leaves, weeds, dead branches, rotten fruit, and bring them out of the garden to burn.
2. 2. Cut off the pests and branches. Combine the pre-flowering and re-cutting, cut off the branches of the pests and diseases, and bring them out of the garden to burn them.
3. 3, scrape the skin. The diseased skin layer was scraped off, and the wound was applied with a 45% solution of 4% dexamethasone to prevent rot, dry rot, and ring rot. For the old skin and the skin, the skin can be removed to remove the pests such as leafhoppers, aphids, and leaf-rolling moths in the cracks of the bark.
4. 4, plugging holes to eliminate insects. Inject the needle into the wormhole by injecting 80% dichlorvos EC 50 times solution, sealing with yellow mud, poisoning the beetles such as the beetles and the geese.
5. 5. Spray at the right time. From March to April, the flower buds sprout to the inflorescence extension period, and the whole tree is evenly sprayed with 3-5 wave of sulphur stone sulphur mixture or 45% of dexamethasone water 300 times to kill the overwintering bacteria; The orchard with heavier and larger insect source base can spray insecticides such as imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos to control pests such as aphids and heartworms.
6. 6, the trunk is coated with sticky insects. The rough bark of the rubberized part is scraped off before being applied, and burned intensively. Do not stick weeds when applying, to prevent weeds from bridging, causing them to leave the body, so that the pests can get rid of the glue and escape. This method can kill pests with migration habits of upper and lower trees, such as spider mites, cockroaches, weevil, cockroaches, whiteflies and the like.

Crop: Spring Garlic

Early warning: spring garlic weeding and anti-drug

In the spring, weeding of garlic should distinguish different grasses for chemical weeding.

1. 1. For the field dominated by monocotyledonous weeds, use 48% trifluralin emulsifiable concentrate 100-150 ml or 33% diamyl emulsifiable concentrate 200-250 ml per acre before emergence of garlic. Or 50% acetochlor EC 90% ~ 120 ml, or 50% Dahuili WP 120 ~ 140 g, respectively, spray 50 kg with water.
2. 2. For the dicotyledonous broadleaf weeds, which are mainly composed of mother-in-law, piglet and sorghum, before the emergence of garlic, 50% isoprolongol is used in 150-200 g per acre, and 50 kg of water is sprayed.
3. 3. For monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous weeds and sedge mixed, after the sowing of garlic to the emergence stage, or before the 2nd to 1st leaf stage of garlic 2 leaves, use 42% ethoxylated emulsifiable concentrate 90-130 ml per acre. , or 24% oxyfluorfen emulsifiable concentrate 48~72 ml, 37.5% oxacillin acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate 110~180 ml; after sowing in garlic to the vertical needle period, use 40% of oxacillin per acre 100~140 ml , spray 40~60 kg of water respectively.
4. 4. For the mixed garlic field of weeds, use 25% of oxacillin emulsifiable concentrate 39 ml + 50% acetochlor EC 50 ml per acre, or 24% geran 10 g + 33% weeding WP 20 g water 40~50kg spray.

Specific operational points:

1. 1. It is necessary to select the former polder with a small number of weeds, and remove the weeds as much as possible before sowing.
2. 2. If the sensation is insufficient or the weed is too large when spraying, it is necessary to increase the dosage of medicinal water. Avoid high temperatures and rain.
3. 3. Spray with a volatile herbicide such as trifluralin, and mix with the gums while spraying.
4. 4. It is not advisable to use sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron or metsulfuron in garlic fields to avoid phytotoxicity.
5. 5. Alternately use different varieties of herbicide to prevent weeds from developing resistance.

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