1. Temperature: The suitable temperature for pepper seed germination is 20～30°C, and it cannot germinate above 35°C or below 10°C; the growth temperature range is 15～34°C, the optimum temperature is 23～28°C during daytime, and nighttime is 16 ~ 20 °C, ground temperature 20 ~ 28 °C. Different growth stages of pepper have slightly different temperature requirements. The germination period is preferably 25-28°C, and the seedling stage can be slightly lower. The temperature is 23-25°C during the day and 15-22°C during the night. The flowering result is 23-27°C during the day. The best temperature is 18 to 23°C at night, and sometimes the cloudy night temperature drops to 13 to 17°C, which is still conducive to fruit growth. Pepper grows very slowly at 15°C and cannot set fruit. It stops growing below 10°C. Below 5°C, the plants are subjected to different degrees of freezing injury, causing plant death. However, if it is higher than 35°C, growth is slow, falling, and falling, above 36°C. The growth basically stopped.
2. Light: Pepper has a wide adaptability to light. Generally speaking, peppers require sufficient light, but they are more resistant to low light than other fruit vegetables. The requirements of light on peppers are also different depending on the stage of growth. When germinating, seeds require dark conditions, and they often germinate poorly under light conditions. Seedling stage requires good lighting conditions, flowering result period requires sufficient light, is conducive to the promotion of flower growth and development, lack of light will cause flowering and fruit drop. Peppers are insensitive to the length of sunshine, as long as the temperature is appropriate, the nutritional conditions are good, and the flowering can be achieved under long or short light conditions.
3. Moisture: Peppers are not tolerant to drought and not tolerant to waterlogging. Although the amount of water required by a single plant is small, the roots need to be supplied with water in order to grow well due to a small root system and weak absorption capacity. Therefore, it is required to moisten loose soil. If the soil is dry, the plants are short and the fruit is stiff. Soil water will affect the root development due to the lack of oxygen in the soil. Air humidity also has an effect on the growth of pepper. Generally, the relative humidity of air is 60% to 80%, which is conducive to the growth of stems and leaves and flowering and fruit setting. If the air humidity is too high, it is unfavorable for pollination and fertilization, and it is prone to various diseases.
4. Soil: Pepper is suitable for cultivation on neutral or slightly acidic soils. It requires fertile loam with deep soil, good structure, rich organic matter, complete nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and easy irrigation and drainage. Cultivated pepper on the saline-alkali land has poor root development and leaves are not hypertrophic and susceptible to viral disease.
5, mineral nutrition: pepper on the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements of higher requirements, its life with a ratio of 1:0.5:1 fertilization. Only when adequate nitrogen fertilizer is supplied, the plant will grow vigorously. However, if nitrogenous fertilizer is applied partially and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are lacking, it will make the plants long and susceptible to diseases. The application of sufficient amount of phosphate fertilizer can promote root development and flower bud differentiation, leading to early flowering results. Adequate potash fertilizer can promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in plants, speed up the operation of nutrients, make the stalk thick, enhance plant resistance, and increase the yield and improve product quality.
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