In recent years, the phenomenon of rotten fruit has become more and more serious, the rate of rotten fruit has reached more than 20%, and the special year has reached 50%, even causing no harvest, which has seriously affected the yield and quality of grapes, and brought considerable losses to fruit farmers.
When it comes to grape rotten fruit, disease is the main cause. White rot and carbon plague are the main "grape killers". It is the key to preventing and treating grape diseases and sheltering from rain. So, how can we achieve good rain protection? How to prevent damage and increase profits while reducing the use of pesticides?
Under the guidance of experts from the Horticultural Institute of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, many grape growers in our province applied rain-proof cultivation techniques to effectively solve the problem of dripping fruit and degraded quality of rainy and rainy days.
Rain-proof cultivation
How important is the technology of reducing damage and ensuring quality and avoiding rain? Lv Zhongwei, a researcher at the Institute of Horticulture of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that if rain-fed cultivation techniques are adopted, almost all grape varieties in Henan can obtain high-quality commercial fruits and achieve very high economic benefits.
Lu Zhongwei introduced that in our province, precipitation is concentrated in the three months of July, August and September, and this period is the peak period of grape disease. Downy mildew, white rot, carbon mites and other diseases are fatal to the grape, and it is almost impossible to get into the vineyard to fight drugs on rainy days, and the effect is minimal. Therefore, it is critical to reduce the risk of rain erosion and air humidity on the grapes. The most effective measure is to carry out rain-proof cultivation.
More importantly, the use of rain-proof cultivation techniques can greatly reduce the amount of pesticides applied. Lv Zhongwei said that their test data show that during the peak season of grape growing, the province's vineyards only take medicine once every 7 days, and adopt rain-proof cultivation techniques, once every 15 to 20 days, the drug can be reduced by more than half, the cost is reduced. With the reduction, the effect of disease prevention is not bad, and the quality of grapes is also improved accordingly.
Lu Zhongwei said that the grape varieties of the “beauty finger†planted in our province are taken as an example. Under the common planting conditions, the rotten fruit rotten fruit rate is over 90%, and the rain-fed cultivation technique is adopted, and the good leaf rate is as high as 95%. The quality is improved, and the market price is 3 to 5 yuan per catty.
Core Technology
Shelter, bagging, mulch "three isolation"
Lu Zhongwei said that the rain-proof cultivation technique is not complicated, and it can be realized by constructing a shelter, a fruit bag, and a mulch covering "three isolations".
Vineyard shelters are similar to vegetable arches, but need to be built 2 meters above the ground. One line per line is composed of shed pillars, beams, arches, and shed film. Building a shelter can effectively prevent rain from dripping onto the grape plants.
Lu Zhongwei reminded that when setting up a shelter, it is necessary to consider the local climate, especially considering the windy weather. The construction should be scientific and reasonable, and the shed should be prevented from being blown by the strong wind.
Fruit bagging is a commonly used technique in grape growing in recent years. It can protect pesticides from diseases, insects and birds while reducing pesticide pollution and reducing and reducing the incidence of sunburn. Lu Zhongwei said that bagging should use the fruit bag of the regular manufacturer, and the bag should be sprayed with high-efficiency fungicide before bagging. In addition, the wire of the fixed fruit bag must be tightened, otherwise the rain will enter the bag and the rate of rotten fruit will be higher.
Are the vineyards covered with mulch? Many grape growers don't understand this. After two years of practice, Lu Zhongwei concluded that the effect of mulching film is extremely obvious. After covering the mulch, the rainwater reaches the surface and can quickly flow away without immersing in the soil. After the rain, the moisture in the vineyard is small and the drying is fast, which greatly destroys the environmental conditions of the pathogens. At the same time, the pathogens on the ground are cut off from the soil. The damage of the fruit can also improve the light conditions in the lower part of the vine, promote photosynthesis, and is extremely beneficial for rapid coloration in the late stage of the fruit.
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[Sample requirements]
The collected nasopharyngeal swab samples should be transported at 2°C to 8°C and sent for inspection immediately, and the sample delivery and storage time should not exceed 48 hours.
[Testing method]
1. Before sampling, mark the relevant sample information on the label of the sampling tube.
2. According to different sampling requirements, use a sampling swab to sample in the nasopharynx.
3. The specific sampling methods are as follows:
a) Nasal swab: Gently insert the swab head into the nasal palate, stay for a while and then slowly turn to exit. Wipe the other nostril with another swab, immerse the swab head in the sampling solution, and discard the tail.
b) Pharyngeal swab: Wipe bilateral pharyngeal tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall with a swab, also immerse the swab head in the sampling solution, and discard the tail.
4. Quickly put the swab into the sampling tube.
5. Break the part of the sampling swab higher than the sampling tube, and tighten the tube cover.
6. Freshly collected clinical specimens should be transported to the laboratory within 48 hours at 2°C to 8°C.
[Explanation of test results]
After the sample is collected, the sampling solution turns slightly yellow, which will not affect the nucleic acid test result.
[Limitations of the test method]
1. For samples that are seriously contaminated due to improper storage after collection, the final test results will be affected.
2. If the sample is not stored at the specified temperature, the final test result will be affected.
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