Improper application of chemical fertilizers to crops may result in fertilizer damage, burning of seedlings and wilting of plants. For example, one-time application of too much fertilizer or insufficient soil moisture after fertilization will cause soil solution concentration to be too high, crop root water absorption difficulties, leading to wilting or even dead plants. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, the soil has a lot of ammonia or ammonium ions, on the one hand, ammonia volatilizes, in the air droplets or alkaline droplets, burning crops, produce spots on the leaves of burnt; on the other hand, ammonium ions in Under the action of nitrosation bacteria, the conversion of nitrous acid to gasification to produce nitrogen dioxide gas will poison the crops, and irregular water-stained patches will appear on the leaves of the crops. The veins will gradually turn white. In addition, when there is too much ammonium nitrogen in the soil, the plants will absorb too much ammonia and cause ammonia poisoning. Excessive use of certain nutrient elements not only poisons crops, but also impedes the absorption of other nutrient elements by crops, resulting in deficiency of the disease. For example, excessive nitrogen application can cause calcium deficiency; too much nitrate nitrogen can cause the loss of molybdenum chlorosis; too much potassium can reduce the effectiveness of calcium, magnesium, and boron; excessive phosphorus can reduce the effectiveness of calcium, zinc, and boron . In order to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer damage, production should pay attention to reasonable fertilization. One is to increase organic fertilizer and improve soil buffering capacity. The second is to apply chemical fertilizers as required. According to the soil nutrient level and the demand for nutrient elements of crops, reasonable fertilization will not increase the amount of fertilizer arbitrarily. Apply top dressing to master the principle of applying thin fertilizer. The third is full-scale fertilization. The same amount of fertilizer, when applied locally, often causes a sharp increase in the concentration of the local soil solution, injuring the root system of the crop. Instead, fertilize the whole layer so that the fertilizer is evenly distributed throughout the tillage layer and the crop can be avoided.
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