"Science" reveals: Why is "good" cholesterol high and heart disease?
Release date: 2016-03-16
Anyone who has had a physical examination knows that there are four routine tests for blood lipids: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides.
Lipoprotein plays a very important role in the metabolism of cholesterol in human blood. The more familiar lipoproteins are low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). They are all carriers of cholesterol in the blood.
When LDL is combined with cholesterol, LDL-c is formed. LDL-c tends to accumulate on the arterial wall in the blood, causing arteriosclerosis over time. Therefore, the general doctor will tell you that LDL-c is "bad" cholesterol.
Similarly, HDL combines with cholesterol to form HDL-c. HDL-c enters the liver and is metabolized, so that cholesterol in the blood is eliminated, which can effectively prevent arteriosclerosis. Therefore, the doctor will also tell you that HDL-c is "good" cholesterol.
In view of this, many pharmaceutical companies are currently trying to reduce the "bad" cholesterol concentration in the blood and raise the "good" cholesterol concentration in the blood.
Strange to say, researchers quickly discovered that statins can effectively reduce "bad" cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. However, pharmaceutical companies have made every effort to raise "good" cholesterol, and eventually the "good" cholesterol concentration has increased, but the effect of reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease has not been achieved. The only promising drug currently available is Merck's anacetrapib, but this drug also "smooth" lowers the "bad" cholesterol concentration when raising "good" cholesterol levels. The pharmaceutical company was suddenly blind. what happened?
In fact, doctors in hospitals will certainly encounter more difficult explanations: some people have a high "good" cholesterol concentration, but they still suffer from coronary heart disease. These phenomena really make the drug companies laugh and cry. In fact, the researchers did not stop research on "good" cholesterol, although in general, "good" cholesterol will reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. But why not force it to rise, why do some people are high or sick?
The geneticist Daniel J. Rader of the University of Pennsylvania and his research team also shattered the matter. After analyzing the results of previous N researchers, the Rader team came up with the hypothesis that it would be caused by an abnormality in a protein associated with "good" cholesterol.
Therefore, the Rader team convened more than 2,000 volunteers, of which 852 had higher levels of “good†cholesterol in the blood and 1156 as the normal group. Through a comprehensive analysis of the genes of more than 2,000 people, they found that the lack of SCARB1 gene function seems to be related to high cholesterol concentration but also coronary heart disease.
In particular, there is a 67-year-old aunt, the SCARB1 gene function is completely absent, her "good" cholesterol concentration is more than twice the group average, but the blood clots in her blood vessels are far more than the average of her age. In fact, the protein encoded by this SCARB1 gene is mainly responsible for sending "good" cholesterol to the liver. Therefore, the metabolic pathway of "good" cholesterol is actually a problem. On March 11, the research results of the Rader team were published in the top journal Science.
With this discovery, the Rader team quickly collected genomic information from tens of thousands of volunteers involved in cardiovascular disease research. Among these tens of thousands of people, they found that 284 people were partially deficient in the SCARB1 gene. Their "good" cholesterol levels were significantly higher than those in the normal population, and their risk of coronary heart disease was 80% higher than that of the normal population.
The results of the Rader team show that if the metabolic pathway downstream of "good" cholesterol is not smooth, a high "good" cholesterol concentration does not mean that the risk of coronary heart disease is low.
When we increase "good" cholesterol, the "porter" is not enough [shrinkinguy.com]
This is like a commander who found that AK47 ("good" cholesterol) is easier to use in a battle, so I hope to introduce a large number of AK47 to suppress the enemy, but unfortunately, the commander's men (who "good" The protein that cholesterol transports to the liver is limited, so it's no surprise that you're mobilizing more weapons.
This also explains why pharmaceutical companies have tried their best to raise the "good" cholesterol concentration, but failed to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Those who have high levels of "good" cholesterol but have coronary heart disease may have a problem with the path of participating in "good" cholesterol metabolism.
From this we can conclude that:
First, a high "good" cholesterol concentration is not necessarily a good thing, although it is more beneficial to most people;
Second, should the drug companies that intend to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by raising the "good" cholesterol concentration should wake up, and quickly save money to do other meaningful things;
Third, in fact, it is necessary to do a genetic test.
Source: Singularity Network
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