In the greenhouse vegetable production, soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematodes have become more and more serious due to repeated planting in successive years, which has become the most prominent problem affecting the vegetable production in greenhouses. Soil fumigation disinfection is an effective method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases in greenhouses. However, due to the large variety of soil disinfectants in the market, it is difficult for some vegetable farmers to make correct decisions when selecting soil fumigants. The following methods are available for reference:
First, choose according to the type of vegetables. For melons (cucumber, watermelon) and other serious root-knot nematodes, it is recommended to use liquid soil disinfectants, because the main components of such disinfectants are chloropicrin and dichloropropene, which are very good for root-knot nematodes. effect. For the characteristics of more indigenous bacteria such as eggplant and pepper, it is recommended to choose composite soil disinfectants such as dihydrochloride, because this type of soil fumigant disinfectant has excellent treatment effect on root-knot nematodes, against some underground pests and soil pathogens. The killing is more thorough.
Second, according to the time of application to choose. For one-year-old large-scale vegetables, the greenhouse has a relatively long period of leisure, and there is enough time for the greenhouse soil treatment. Therefore, granular disinfectants can be used, because these disinfectants have higher environmental requirements, and the time before and after use. Longer. For two-year-old sheds and dense sheds, it is recommended to use liquid disinfectants such as dihydrochloride, because these disinfectants have relatively loose requirements for the environment and can be planted in 7-10 days after use.
After using any disinfectant, pay attention to the bacteria. Because the soil is fumigated by the fungicide, both the beneficial bacteria and the harmful bacteria have been killed. At this time, the soil is in an aseptic state. At this time, the bacteria will be replaced, and the beneficial bacteria will quickly dominate the soil. It is also very difficult to flood and cause damage. However, it should be noted that the greenhouses fumigated with disinfectants should be ventilated and ventilated for more than 10 days before the application of the fungicide, and then be supplemented with bacteria to prevent the residual gas from harming the microorganisms in the fungicide.
How to choose disinfectant
Soil fumigation is an effective method to control root-knot nematodes and soil-borne diseases. However, there are also individual farmers who improperly sterilize soil chemicals, resulting in failure to effectively control the pests and diseases in the shed. Therefore, the following points should be noted when performing soil fumigation:
1, fumigation time should be timely. Soil fumigation should be selected immediately after the harvest of the previous crop, the best effect. At this point, root knot nematodes are mostly concentrated on the soil surface and are more likely to be concentrated and killed. Otherwise, other diseases and insect pests will migrate to the deep soil layer and then disinfect the soil, which will reduce the effect, causing some bacteria to escape, and will happen again in the coming year.
2, drug selection should be appropriate. The main soil fumigants that appear on the market are: methyl bromide, cotton wool, chloropicrin, dichloropropene, sulfuryl fluoride, Weibaimu, etc. These agents have a certain control effect on fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, but many are It is a highly toxic and highly toxic product, and it is not safe for humans and animals. Therefore, it is recommended to use a highly efficient, low-toxic and environmentally-friendly compound liquid soil fumigation disinfectant pesticide such as Dihydro and Abasa.
3, the environmental conditions should be appropriate. Disinfection with soil fumigants, sterilization (insect) mechanism are mostly: after the chemicals are applied to the soil from the original liquid or solid into gas, gas diffusion between the soil particles, killing pathogenic pests in the soil that can cause plant diseases Therefore, it has the effect of preventing disease, so it requires: 1 The permeability of the soil is better. Before the soil is fumigated, the land to be treated is turned 20-30 cm. 2 The soil moisture is suitable. In general, soil fumigation has the best soil moisture content of 40%-70%. 3 The soil temperature is reasonable. The ideal temperature can put the pests in a "living" state, making it easier for the fumigant to work. The ideal soil temperature is usually 15 centimeters and 15-20°C.
4, after fumigation to prevent re-infection. The fumigant simply destroys the existing pests in the soil, there is no effective period, and there is nothing to do with reintroducing pests and diseases. After the fumigation, nematodes and other diseases and insect pests were soon discovered, may not be not smoked, but the pests and diseases caused by the recurrence of re-infection, such as seedlings with pests. Some of them are rained into the land with pests and insects, outside the shed and pestle with the lace into the other, these should pay attention to, to cut off the nematode re-introduced channels.
5, after the smoke does not turn too deep: if the soil after the smoke is much deeper than the former soil before the smoke, even before the smoke does not turn over after the smoke deep-flood, will not be dead smoked nematodes and other pests and diseases turned up.
6, add organic fertilizer after smoking: soil disinfection fumigant will not only kill the harmful organisms, but also will kill beneficial organisms, so the disinfected soil in the fertilization aspect to increase the application of bio-organic fertilizer, to supplement the number of beneficial organisms.
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