Campanulaceae, alias Baohua, bell flowers, bonnet flowers, is a perennial herb of Campanulaceae, with cough phlegm, Xuanfei, pus discharge effect.
First, characteristics
The length of the stem is 20-120 cm. It is usually glabrous, not branched, leaves all whorled, part of whorled to all alternate, sessile or shortly stalked, leaf blade ovate, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 2-7 cm long and 0.5-3.5 cm wide. Single flowering terminal flowers, or several integrated pseudo-mesanose inflorescences, or inflorescences branched to integrate panicles. Corolla large, 1.5-4.0 cm long, blue or purple. Capsule globose, or globose-reflexed, or obovate, 1-2.5 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diam. Flowering from July to September.
Campanulaceae is warm, hi light, cold, afraid of water, avoid strong winds. The suitable temperature range for the growth is 10°C to 20°C, the optimum temperature is 20°C, and the low temperature of -20°C can be tolerated. The plants are good in sandy loam where the soil is deep, loose and fertile and well drained. Excessive soil moisture or water can easily cause root rot.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Soil preparation and fertilization. For artificially cultivated bellflowers, beds should be made with deep, well-drained, loose and fertile, sunny loam, sandy loam or humus loam. Mushi Fertilizer 2000 kg. The use of large ridge bed technology, bed width 130-140 cm, length as required, bed height 10-12 cm, bed spacing 30 cm.
2. Breeding technology. (1) Seed treatment. Put the seeds in warm water of 50°C-60°C, stir constantly, and pour dirt, rice dumplings, and other impurities out of the water. Wait until the water is cool, soak for another 12 hours, or soak in seeds with 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 12 hours. Can increase the germination rate. (2) Live broadcast is generally used, and transplanting can also be carried out. The live broadcast production is higher than transplanting, and the rooting is small and the quality is good. In the production of more use of drills, that is, in the surface of the row spacing of 20 cm open ditch, deep 3-5 cm, cover soil 1-1.5 cm, a little repression. The seeding rate per acre is 1.5-2 kg.
3. Field management. (1) Seedlings, Dinglings, and Miao Miao. When the seedling height is 5 cm, the seedlings will be set and the seedlings will be set at a spacing of 6-8 cm. The transplanted seedlings were transplanted to the seedlings. To transplant the soil with soil, water it in time after planting to facilitate survival. (2) Weeding and weeding. Since the early growth of Campanulaceae is slow, weeding should be carried out in time and it is generally carried out 3 times. The first time the seedling height was 7-10 cm, it was conducted a second time after one month, and the third time a month later, the effort was made to get rid of the grass. (3) Irrigation and drainage. After sowing until emergence, soil should be kept moist to prevent soil surface compaction and affect seedling emergence. During the rainy season, attention should be paid to timely drainage and flood prevention in order to avoid dead roots and reduce yield and quality. (4) Dressing. June-September is the growing season of Platycodon grandiflorum. In late June and July, plant growth should be timely and topdressing. Fertilizer is mainly human and animal feces, with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer and urea. (5) Picking flowers and toppings. Topping, except when the seedling height is 10 cm, two-year-old seedlings are planted to increase the seed number and seed plumpness of the fruit to increase the seed yield. The annual or biennial non-retention plants are all deflowered to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the growth of underground roots.
Third, harvest processing
Harvest time is from the end of September to the beginning of October in the second year of autumn. Inconsistent varieties of maturity should be harvested in stages. In autumn, when the leaves of the platycodon grandiflorum are wilted, they can be excavated and cut off the stems and leaves and the head of the reed. After the roots are washed, they are immersed in water and freshly rubbed with bamboo or glass to remove rough surface, washed, dried or Dry with a dryer. Each mu can receive dry goods 200-300 kilograms.
Fourth, the main disease prevention
1. Ringworm disease. The main damage to the leaves, lesions light brown, shape and size vary, with 2-3 ring wheel pattern, dense black spots, the pathogenic bacteria in the pseudocapsule shell. The disease is a fungal disease. The pathogens overwinter in the lesions of diseased leaves with hyphae or pseudocystic shells, becoming the source of infestation at the beginning of the year. The spores in the growing season are re-infected by wind and rain. Onset in June, severe onset from July to August, related to high density, high temperature and humidity.
Control measures: (1) Agricultural control. Strengthen management and timely clean the garden after harvest; strengthen field drainage in the summer to reduce the incidence. (2) Chemical control. At the beginning of the disease, it was sprayed with 1:1 100-fold Bordeaux mixture, or 65% dexamethasone 600-fold, or 50% carbendazim, 1000-fold tetromycin, or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold. Every 10-15 days, 2-3 times in a row.
2. Spot blotch. Campanulaceae leaf blight mainly harms the leaves. The diseased leaves have lesions on both sides, round or nearly circular, 2-5 mm in diameter, white, or irregularly shaped by the veins, giving rise to black spots. In severe cases, the lesions converge and the leaves dry up. The disease is a fungal disease, and the pathogenic bacteria is a semi-known species of chitinella. Onset in June, severe onset from July to August, related to high density, high temperature and humidity.
Control measures: (1) Agricultural control. Clearing the park in winter, the dead branches, diseased leaves and weeds were burnt together. Strengthen field drainage in the summer to reduce the humidity in the field to reduce the incidence. (2) Chemical control. With ringworm disease.
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