Rapeseed mechanization is mainly aimed at rapeseed-scale growers. By selecting the varieties of resistant and crack resistant varieties suitable for mechanized production of rapeseed, mechanical sowing, slow-release fertilizers, mechanical harvesting, etc., the traditional rapeseed planting labor, time-consuming and comparative benefits can be solved. Low level problems. Compared with the traditional production methods, saving 4 to 5 labors per acre, combined with the comprehensive benefits of fertilizer, provincial species, etc., can save more than 200-300 yuan per mu.
Technical points: 1. Pre-broadcasting. The paddy fields were drained and dried 15 days before the harvest of the previous paddy rice, and the paddy field was harvested for 3-5 days after harvest.
2. Variety selection. Selection of high-yield, disease-resistant and double-low rapeseed varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting such as lodging resistance, crack resistance, plant height of about 170 cm, compact plant type, and the like.
3. Mechanical sowing. (1) Herbicide before sowing. The heavier plots of the weeds were sown 5 to 7 days before sowing with 10% glyphosate 100 ml of water and 50 kg of water was evenly sprayed to kill the weeds. (2) Live machinery. Choose 2BFQ-6 type rapeseed precision broadcaster, with 150-200g of mu for seed, 45% for NPK fertilizer, or 40kg for rapeseed, or about 40 kg/mu of rapeseed. The row spacing is set at 25 cm and the seeding depth is controlled at 1.0 cm to 2.0 cm. (3) Mechanical spraying. In the absence of precision seeder or planter can not enter the ground, can be mixed with the fertilizer after the seed dressing, spray spray with a sprayer, simple, low cost, high efficiency.
4. Field management. (1) Balanced fertilization. The base fertilizer is re-used during mechanical sowing. The basal fertilizer is recommended for the application of special formula for rapeseed or slow-release fertilizer 40 kg/mu, and borax 1 to 1.5 kg/mu. 5 urea Mushi urea 6 ~ 8 kg raised seedlings, in late December to early January Mushi urea 6 ~ 8 kg for wax fertilizer. The field without application of boron fertilizer was mixed with 50 kg of boron fertilizer and 50 kg of water per acre in the bud stage. (2) Chemical weeding. Within 2 to 3 days after sowing, 40 kg of water was sprayed with 60 ml of 50% acetochlor to seal and weed. After the emergence of rapeseed, the heavier grassy weeds can be sprayed in the early weeds (3 to 5 leaf stage) mu clxone EC (active ingredient 120 g/L) 30 to 40 ml water 50 kg. The heavier blocks of broad-leaved weeds can be sprayed uniformly with 50 kg of water per mu using 30 to 40 ml of 50% high-tec suspoemulsion. (3) Clear trench ditch. After the sowing, the gaps should be cleared in time, and the drains should be drained in time to ensure that there is no waterlogging in the field. (4) Pest control. Before the winter, the key is to control locusts and cabbage caterpillars, and the sclerotial bacilli are mainly controlled during the early flowering period.
5. timely harvest. (1) Combine harvesting. In the field where there is little conflict, the pods of all the rapeseed plants in the field can turn yellow, and when the grain moisture content drops below 20%, they can be harvested once with a 4LL-2.0D rape combine harvester. (2) Staged harvest. The existing popular rapeseed varieties can be harvested in stages. When about 80% of the whole field is yellow, the 4SY-2.0 rapeseed cutting machine is used to cut down, and after 3 to 5 days, the 4SJ-1.8 self-propelled picking and threshing is used. Pick up the threshing machine.
6. Straw processing. Spraying the spray application device on the harvester sprays 15 grams of compound biological agent per acre, which not only accelerates decomposition of rapeseed straw, but also accelerates sclerotinia mulching, effectively improves soil fertility, and reduces the incidence of S. sclerotiorum in the following season.
Appropriate area: The main rapeseed production area in the Yangtze River basin, with a flat terrain, suitable for mechanical operation and convenient irrigation and drainage.
Note: First, pay attention to the mechanical live seedlings, nurturing strong seedlings. The second is to optimize the fertilization plan and reapply base fertilizers, especially to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to prevent lodging. The third is to pay attention to the control of sclerotia and prevent lodging during flowering. The fourth is to grasp the appropriate harvest period and reduce the mechanical loss rate.
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