Cancer Research is striking: The surgery itself drives cancer recurrence?
Release date: 2016-04-12
Rectal cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is one of the most common malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. When colorectal cancer is transferred to the liver, doctors usually remove the tumor by surgery. However, in most cases cancer is a ghost. Allan Tsung of the University of Pittsburgh believes that the surgical process itself (especially the body's response to surgical damage) can cause cancer to recur.
Neutrophils are the first immune cells that respond to surgical damage. These cells eject reticular DNA into the blood, the neutrophil extracellular trapping network (NET). There is growing evidence that NET can not only capture pathogens, but also play an important role in cancer and other diseases.
Tsung and colleagues found that the patient's blood contains NET after tumor resection, and the greater the NET abundance, the higher the risk of tumor recurrence. Treatment of mice with DNase reduced NET levels and reduced cancer metastasis. Lorenzo Ferri of McGill University pointed out that circulating tumor cells may be captured and activated by NET, and the ability to survive and metastasize is enhanced.
It has been believed for centuries that it should not be easily disturbed before the tumor deteriorates. “This kind of remark is seen by many as nonsense, but it may have some correctness,†Tsung said. Surgery is still the best option for treating metastatic colorectal cancer, so Tsung hopes to find a cure that limits NET while not interfering with neutrophil function.
In many cancers, the spread of cancer cells is the most deadly threat. People often can treat primary tumors successfully through surgery, drugs, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but once the cancer spreads to other organs of the body, it is difficult to contain it. Metastasis of epithelial tumors is known to be dependent on activation of an embryonic developmental program, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this process, tumor cells lose their polarity and cell adhesion, and become mesenchymal cells with strong migration and invasion ability. Professor Yibin Kang of Princeton University recently published a review article entitled "Probing the Fifty Shades of EMT in Metastasis" in Cell's trends in cancer. The article introduces some recent advances in EMT research in the field of cancer metastasis, and explores the diversity of EMT in cancer metastasis.
Breast cancer easily spreads to the bones, lungs, liver, lymph nodes and brain. Anticancer drugs are the most effective treatment for early cancer, so early detection techniques are critical. Imaging techniques currently used for breast cancer detection (including MRI) do not reflect the type of cancer or the early growth of cancer cells. Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that detects biological indicators in the early stages of breast cancer recurrence. The findings were published in Nature Communications.
Scientists have been trying to treat cancer by killing tumor cells. The research team at Johns Hopkins University has proposed an alternative anti-cancer strategy: to increase the hardness of cancer cells and prevent them from spreading to other parts of the body. They found a compound with this effect by screening and tested the compound's potential for treatment of pancreatic cancer. The results were published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, PNAS.
Source: Biopass
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