Maize spot disease is also known as corn streak disease, corn gangue disease, corn spot disease, and corn dead leaf disease.
Symptoms: The disease is also called streak disease, coal-blotch disease, dead leaf disease, leaf spot disease and so on. The main damage to corn leaves, leaf sheaths and temporal lobe. After the leaves became infected, water-stained gray-grey spots appeared first and then spread along the veins toward both ends to form large spots with dark brown, central hazel or blue-gray edges. Late lesions are often longitudinally divided. In severe cases the lesions fuse and the leaves turn yellow and die. There is a lot of gray moldy layer on the lesion when wet. The lower leaves first develop the disease. In the single-gene resistant varieties, the chlorotic lesions appeared. The lesions were small and parallel to the veins. The color was yellow-green or light brown and the surrounding dark brown. Some manifested as necrotic spots.
Transmission Pathways and Pathogenic Conditions Pathogens use mycelia or conidia to adhere to diseased tissues for overwintering. It became the source of infestation in the early part of the year, and the seeds also brought a small amount of germs. Invasive corn plants in the field can produce conidia on lesions on days 10–14, and reinfested by airflow. The epidemic of corn leaf spot disease was not only related to the degree of disease susceptibility of maize, but also closely related to the environmental conditions at that time. Temperature 20-25 °C, relative humidity more than 90% conducive to disease development. Temperatures above 25°C or below 15°C and relative humidity below 60% persist for several days, and the development of the disease is inhibited. In the spring corn area, from the jointing stage to the ear emergence, the temperature is suitable, and in the case of continuous rainy days, the disease develops quickly and is prone to pandemic. The incidence of nitrogen deficiency in corn booting and earing is heavier. Low-lying land, high density, and continuous cropping.
Prevention and control methods The prevention and control of the disease should be based on the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties, strengthen agricultural control, supplemented with necessary pharmaceutical control. (1) Select disease-resistant varieties Select disease-resistant varieties according to local dominant races, and pay attention to prevent changes and proliferation of other races. Different resistant varieties and resistant varieties were selected. (2) Strengthen agricultural prevention and control in early sowing and avoid the peak of disease. Apply base fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. We should do a good job of cultivating and weeding soil, remove 2-3 leaves from the bottom, reduce the relative humidity in the field, make the plants robust, and increase resistance to disease. After corn is harvested, clean the pasture, concentrate the straw, and use high temperature fermentation as a compost. Implement rotation. (3) Chemical control For high-value breeding materials and high-yield corn, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times or 50% thiophanate-methyl WP may be sprayed from the end of the heart to the tasselling stage or the early stage of disease. 600 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times, 25% benomyl EC 800 times, 40% EKL 800-1000 times, and agricultural water 120 times 200 times, every 10 days One-time, continuous control 2-3 times.
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