First, choose good varieties to cultivate strong seedlings
1, choose a good species
The test results show that: "Big White Bitter Melon" and "Pangcheng Bitter Melon" are suitable for early maturing cultivation in plastic greenhouses in the cold regions of northern China.
The white beetle plant grows strong, the branches are slender, the toughness is strong, the melon is long and spindle-shaped, the melon color is light green, gradually turns green and white, the length is 18--30 cm, the transverse diameter is 5 cm, the fruit flesh is 0.8 cm thick, and the surface has Strips and irregular knob-like bulges, white-green, shiny, tender and tender, moderately bitter, good quality, high yield, and adaptable. Single melon weight 100--200 grams, 1.5 acres yield 2500 ~ 3000 kg.
Penang bitter melon plants grow and have strong branching power. The fruit has a long conical shape with a melon length of about 20 cm and a shoulder width of 8 cm. The surface has a relatively regular longitudinal groove, stripes and interphase knobs. The melon color is green and lustrous, the melon meat is fine in texture, the taste is slightly bitter, the adaptability is good, and the resistance is strong. Single melon weighs about 400 grams, and 1.5 acres can produce 2000 kilograms.
2, soaking seeds and germination
Soak seeds in early March, first heat them with water at 55 °C for 30 minutes, and stir constantly, then soak for 12 hours at room temperature. After the seeds are removed, the water is drained, wrapped with a wet towel, placed under 30 degrees to germination, and washed with water of about 25 degrees per day for 1 or 2 times. Generally 2 to 4 days, the buds can be released.
3, sowing
The local area uses greenhouse seedlings. The budding seeds are planted in a plastic nutrient bowl containing nutrient soil, covering soil by 2.5 to 3 cm; the nutrient soil is prepared by the ratio of decomposed organic fertilizer to gramineous crop soil of 2:8, and added in each cubic meter of nutrient soil. Diammonium phosphate 2 kg. The temperature before emergence is controlled at 28 to 30 degrees, and the temperature after emergence is controlled at 25 degrees and 15 degrees at night. At the same time keep the nutrient soil moist, do not drought. The seedling age is controlled at 40 to 45 days, and 4 to 5 true leaves are colonized when they are unfolded.
Second, early shed, land preparation, timely planting
1, early shed, land preparation
In March, in the middle of the season, the shed was grilled to improve the ground temperature. When the soil is prepared, 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, then turn the ground, crepe, and the width of the clam is 60 cm.
2, timely planting
Around April 20, seedlings 4 to 5 true leaves, choose sunny and good weather planting, plant spacing 40 cm. Water the planted water when planting.
Third, strengthen management and timely harvest
In order to prevent low temperature damage in early spring after planting, the small arch shed can be used for secondary coverage. The daytime temperature is controlled at 25 to 28 degrees, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 15 to 17 degrees. According to plant growth, soil moisture status, proper irrigation, keep the soil moist, avoid irrigation. Make full use of the time before the cultivating and weeding 2 to 3 times, when the vines are stretched, the trusses will be laid in time. When the vines were stretched, the first topdressing was carried out, and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate was applied per mu, and the water was poured in time after the chase; the first melon was used for the second top dressing, and 15 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre was chased. In order to concentrate nutrients, some bottom side vines can be appropriately removed to promote early maturity.
12 to 15 days after flowering, the strips or knobs of the melon strips are obvious and shiny, and when the top color becomes light, it can be harvested as a commodity melon. Bitter melon melons are short from commercial maturity to physiological maturity, so they need to be harvested in time to ensure quality and prevent over-ripe.
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