This year red dates of jujube fruit, a continuous rain caused fruit cracking in varying degrees, severe fruit crack rate of more than 50%. How to solve the problem of split dates? In recent years, according to the causes of fissured dates, the author has taken targeted measures and effectively solved the problem of cracked dates.
First, the cause of cracking dates
1. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers and soil drought caused soil compaction, and the lack of soluble calcium absorbed by the roots of the jujube tree in the soil caused cracking dates. Carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, and chloride ions in chemical fertilizers combine with calcium ions in the soil to form water-insoluble calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, and calcium chloride to make soil soluble. Reduced calcium causes calcium deficiency. Especially in northern arid areas, soil calcium deficiency is more serious.
2. The groundwater level is reduced, and the soil is not uniform due to dry and wet conditions. Before the 1970s, there was basically no cracking phenomenon. The main reason was that the groundwater level was high at that time. Even if it did not rain, it did not water, and the jujube tree roots were not short of water and did not cause uneven soil moisture. Will not cause cracking dates.
Second, prevention and control measures
According to the causes of fissures, we should take practical measures from the activation of calcium in the soil, calcium supplement on the foliage, and maintenance of soil moisture to fundamentally prevent fissures.
1. Orchard grass cover. In the concentrated distribution area of ​​the roots, 10-20 cm thick shreds are covered. If it is a pure jujube garden with a high planting density, it can be covered in the whole park. Grass cover time is good from June to October. At this time, the temperature and humidity of the grass cover is high, which is beneficial to the large-scale propagation of microorganisms in the soil and is conducive to the activation of calcium in the soil. Autumn can prolong the growth time of roots. Summer and winter can reduce the temperature difference of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of root system, especially the growth of surface roots. Grass cover can maintain the soil moisture well and keep the soil moisture constant, so it can prevent the occurrence of cracked dates. Long-term straw mulching can significantly increase the content of organic matter in the soil. Wheat straw, wheat bran, and crushed corn stalk can be selected. After several years of practice, it has been proved that grass mulching is currently the best soil management measure.
2. Plastic film covers the tree disk. On both sides of the tree, 1-2 meters wide mulch film is covered, generally before germination in the spring, so that the soil moisture can be maintained so that the soil is not too dry and it has a good effect on preventing cracking jujube.
3. Use hole storage and fertilizer technology. On the inside of the vertical projection of the fruit tree, dig 4 holes with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a depth of 40-50 cm. Each hole is planted with 20-30 cm in diameter and 30-40 cm in length. The grass is made of various crop stalks or weeds. Its height is less than 10 cm above the ground, and it is soaked in water and put into the hole. The grass is filled with soil that is best mixed with bio-fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and then filled with water. Above the hole covers a 1m2 size mulch film, surrounded by earth pressure, insert a hole in the middle, usually sealed with stones to prevent evaporation. Because the water in the ground and rainwater can be stored in a large amount in the cave, the water can be stored in the deep layer and can maintain a sufficient amount of water in the root system to prevent cracking.
4. Leaf calcium. The author used the method of “fighting and cracking prevention and cracking king†600 times, and sprayed once in the flowering, young fruit, fruit enlargement, middle growth and late growth stages. After three years of use, it can effectively prevent the occurrence of fissures. .
If the above four technologies are used together, it is best to prevent cracking dates.
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