High yield and quality cultivation techniques of bitter gourd

Bitter melon is a small vegetable that I don't like when I was young, but I can't deny it's nutritional value because I don't like it. Bitter melon can not only detoxify and lose weight, but also rejuvenate and rejuvenate, and it has strong adaptability, easy cultivation, high yield and resistance to storage and transportation. Let's take a look at the quality cultivation techniques of bitter gourd!

1 Choose excellent varieties

It adopts early maturity, strong growth potential, good disease resistance, green flesh and peel, green fruit, easy to set fruit, high yield, and bitter melon varieties that are not easy to prematurely decay, such as peptide No. 1, Tianyi bitter gourd, and unified bitter gourd.

2 cultivate strong seedlings

In late March and early April, seedlings were prepared using nutrient mash or tray substrate. The soil that has not been planted with melon crops within 3 years should be used as nutrient soil, and fully matured and then added with decomposed farmyard manure. Before sowing, soak seeds with 70% methyl thiophanate 500 times for 15~20min, wash with water and continue soaking for 6~8h, then germination for 3~4d under 20~25°C environment conditions. grain. Pre-sowing nutrition sputum or plugs are sprayed with 40% formalin 700 times liquid, watered on the bottom of the water after the sowing, conditional covering of the mulch, and a small arch shed to ensure a full seedling.

3 Fertilization

Bitter melon is fat, more drought-tolerant, and not resistant to phlegm. 2 weeks before planting, the soil was deeply ploughed, and each 667 m of simmered manure 2000-3000 kg, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer 50 kg, manganese sulfate 1 kg, boron fertilizer 2 kg, borax 0.5 kg as the base fertilizer. Fine soil preparation before transplanting, the building width is 3m, the groove width is 20~30cm, and the ditch depth is 15~20cm, so that the three ditch can be matched to ensure that the rain stops the field and can be drained.

4 timely colonization

When the temperature is above 15 °C, the seedlings can be transplanted when there are 3~4 true leaves. In order to mention the morning market, it can be covered with Plastic Film cultivation, with a row spacing of 50cm×80cm, a 1m wide walking path in the middle of the raft, and about 1500 plants in 667m. After planting, pour the bottom water, seal the mulch to fix the hole, to shorten the slow seedling period, and promote the early seedling.

5 Field management

5.1 Racking

When the bitter gourd draws out the main vine, it promptly erects the vine. Use a solid bamboo raft with a length of about 1.8m and a thickness of 15~20mm to form a herringbone type or a crepe type frame. When the main vine has 6~7 leaves, pick the heart, choose 2 healthy vines to climb the frame, and remove the remaining vines from the base. When vines are introduced, try to make the vines evenly distributed on the shelf, so that the leaves can fully perform photosynthesis. Remove the first female flower at the base in time to avoid affecting subsequent fruiting. In the middle and late growth stages of bitter gourd, timely remove the weak branches, old leaves and diseased leaves, keep the ventilation and light transmission, remove the deformed melons in time, ensure the rapid growth of normal melons, and improve the commerciality and yield of bitter gourd.

5.2 Fertilizer and water management

On the basis of applying the base fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer is less applied before flowering and fruit setting. Mainly water, can be sprayed with green leaf gold steel, Tianzhimei, Beilukang and other fine foliar fertilizers to promote early seedlings. At the beginning of the melon period, the supply of fertilizer and water was stopped. When the melon was about 10cm long, the fruit fertilizer was applied. The 667m applied urea 15kg and the potassium sulfate 10kg. Afterwards, each batch of melon was harvested once. After sitting on the melon, combined with disease prevention and treatment, spray the fertilized fertilizer such as Tianmeimei, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate and Beilukang every 10 days to promote the multi-inged melon. When the seedlings appear to be long, the supply of fertilizer and water should be stopped. In case of rainy weather, on the basis of timely drainage, 15% paclobutrazol 15g can be sprayed with 15kg of water to prevent the lengthening. When the temperature is high and dry, combined with top dressing, watering and drought resistance.

6 pest and disease control

The diseases of bitter gourd mainly include powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthracnose, blight and blight. Agricultural control measures such as continuous cropping, high ridge cultivation, timely drainage and dripping in the rainy season can be used. Powdery mildew can be controlled by azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin, downy mildew, blight can be controlled by cream urea manganese zinc, enoylmorpholine, etc., anthrax can be controlled with scorpion fresh amine, nitazoxazole, etc. The disease can be controlled by new drugs such as newborns and resurrection. Insect pests mainly include aphids, melons, tigers, fruit flies, etc., and can be controlled by chemicals such as can be applied, one sword, earthquake tiger and chlortetracycline. The dicotyledonous weeds can be prevented by applying the field supplement before transplanting, and the monocotyledonous weeds can be effectively covered with grass and can be prevented.

7 timely harvest

For the supply of tender melon to the market, it should be harvested 18~20d after pollination; bitter gourd for processing should be harvested 20~22d after pollination to increase dry matter content and increase yield.

In recent years, Xinghua City has vigorously developed the bitter gourd industry. In addition to the supply of dried melons, the use of dehydrated vegetable processing advantages has dehydrated bitter gourd into bitter gourd and bitter melon powder. The products are not only sold well in large and medium-sized cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Nanjing. Also exported to Japan, South Korea, the United States and the European Union, the economic benefits are very significant.

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