High-yield cultivation techniques of leek

First, prepare before the broadcast. Dry seeds can be used for live broadcast (spring broadcast). It can also be soaked in warm water at 30-40 °C for 8-12 hours to remove impurities and sorghum seeds. Wash the mucus on the seeds, wrap them in a damp cloth, germination in a 15-20 °C environment, rinse with water 1-2 every day. Second, 50% of the seeds were planted when they were white and pointed (summer and autumn).

Second, soil preparation and fertilization

(1) Site preparation: Before sowing, the soil should be deeply ploughed to 20 cm or less, combined with fertilization, finely ploughed after ploughing, leveling and simmering. If there are conditions, it can be cultivated in high ridges for drainage and cultivation. (2) Fertilization: Combine with the soil preparation, apply 5000-6000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 6 kg of urea, 10 kg of superphosphate or use compound fertilizer converted according to this ratio.

Third, sowing

(1) Sowing time: After the soil is thawed, it can be sown at any time until the autumnal season. Generally, it is suitable for planting in spring from late March to early May, and sowing in summer should be sooner rather than later. (2) Seeding rate: 4-5 kg ​​per mu. Open field seedling transplanting 1.5-2 kg. (3) Seeding method: Before planting, firstly extract a part of the surface soil (sieving for seeding and covering the soil), then shallowly flatten it, first pour a bottom water, about 3.3 cm deep, and then pour it after the water seeps. Water about 3.3 cm deep. After the water has been infiltrated, the seeds are evenly sprinkled, and then the soil is covered with about 1.5 cm. The next day, the teeth are flattened to keep the topsoil loose and moist, which is beneficial to the germination of the seeds. After sowing, cover the mulch with the mulch film. After more than 30% of the seeds are emerged, remove the mulch film in time to prevent burning of the seedlings. If it is found to be white, it is necessary to make up some moist soil.

There are also "dry broadcast methods". The dry sowing method uses live seeds without germination to be broadcasted to the seedbed. On the finished seedbed, the row spacing is 10 cm, and a small shallow groove with a width of 10 cm and a depth of about 1.6 cm is opened. The seeds are sprinkled into the ditch, and then the broom is gently flattened and compacted with a broom, and then water is poured. , then water again after 2-3 days. Before the seeds are unearthed, keep the soil moist.

Fourth, post-production management

(1) Watering and topdressing: combined with watering and applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 2-3 times, 6-8 kg of urea per acre, generally not harvested before planting, to promote seedling rooting, to achieve strong seedling standards when planting. (2) Strong seedling standards: the general seedling age is 80-90 days, the seedling height is 15-20 cm, and there is no pest and disease in a single plant, and there is no lodging phenomenon. (3) Weeding: After the emergence of the seedlings, the grass is manually pulled out to remove the sick plants. It can also be used to control monocotyledonous weeds such as quizalofop, grass, and other herbicides, or use 30% of weeding emulsifiable concentrate per 100-150 grams per acre before sowing, and spray 50 kg with water.

V. Colonization

(1) Planting time: Spring sowing seedlings should be planted after the summer solstice, and summer seedlings should be planted before and after the summer heat. When planting, it is necessary to stagger the high-humidity season, so it is not conducive to the growth of leek seedlings after planting. (2) Colonization method: Seedling the leek, cut the short roots (only 2-3 cm), cut the short tip (leaf leaves 10 cm long). In the raft, the row spacing is 18-20 cm, the hole spacing is 10 cm, and 7-10 plants per hole are planted, which is suitable for barley; the ditch is 30-36 cm apart, the ditch is 16-20 cm, and the hole distance is 16 cm. 20-30 plants per hole are suitable for the production of softened amaranth, and the cultivation depth is suitable for burying the tiller.

6. Field management

1. Temperature management: After the shed is closed, keep 20-24 °C during the day and 12-14 °C during the night. When the plant height is more than 10 cm, keep 16-20 °C during the day, and the temperature in the shed exceeds 24 °C to release air and humidity. In winter, small arch shed cultivation should be strengthened and kept at 6 °C at night.

2. Fertilizer management: After planting, when new roots and new leaves appear, they can be topdressed with water, 10-15 kg of urea per acre, and 4 years of seedlings, to control water and prevent cropping, and strengthen cultivating and weeding. When the tillering begins at the 6-leaf stage, the root-hopping phenomenon occurs (the rhizome of the tiller is in the upper part of the original rhizome), and the sand can be covered, pressed or ridged to prevent the roots from being exposed. When the seedling height is 20 cm, stop topdressing and watering for harvesting. After harvesting, it will be harvested once every time. After harvesting, the plant height will grow to 10 cm. Combine with the soil and apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and apply 8 kg of urea per acre. When the weather turns cold, watering should be stopped, and the frozen water should be poured once before freezing.

3. Pest control

(1) Principles of prevention and control: In accordance with the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”, adhere to the principle of “harm prevention and control, physical control, biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention and control”. Pesticides shall not be applied to high-toxic, high-residue, high-grade (teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic) pesticides and their mixed pesticides prohibited by the State. (2) Agricultural control: strengthen cultivating and weeding, clean the pastoral, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and improve the ability to resist stress. (3) Physical control: use sugar wine vinegar to trap adult worms, and make sugar, wine, vinegar, water, 90% trichlorfon crystals in a ratio of 3:3:1:10:0.5, 1-3 boxes per acre, at any time Add, keep dry, and trap all kinds of fly pests.

4, chemical control

(1) 韭蛆. 1 Ground application: When the adult is in full bloom, apply 2.5% trichlorfon powder to the ridge, apply 2-2.6 kg per acre, or spray 40% phoxim EC 1000 times or 2.5% at 9-11 am. The deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 200 times liquid can also spray 75% chlortetracycline after watering to promote the pests, 6-10 grams per acre. 2 Irrigation roots: The hazard of the young flies is in the early stage (early spring in mid-April, late autumn in mid-October). Use 1-4 kg of 1.1% matrine powder per acre, 1000-2000 kg of water, or 500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 400% of Bass emulsifiable concentrate 400-500 ml with water, 1000 kg 1 time. Rooting method: Open the topsoil near the roots of the leek and use the sprayer with the nozzle removed to spray the roots of the leek, and then cover the soil immediately after spraying.

(2) Leaf miner. In the early stage of spawning to the early stage of larval hatching, spray 75% of the mithamine 5000-7000 times solution or 2.5% deltamethrin, or other pyrethroid pesticides 1500-2000 times spray.

(3) Hummer. In the peak period of larvae, spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid 4000 times solution or 30% acetamiprid 3000 times solution or 2.5% deltamethrin pesticide 1500-2000 times solution.

(4) Gray mold. 1 smoke method: use 45% chlorothalonil or chlorpyrifos, 110g or 10% of procymidone per mus, 260-300g, split 5-6, ignite in the evening, close the shed One night. 2 Dust method: use 6.5% 10,000 moldy dust, 1 kg per mu, spray once every 7 days. Spray 2 times. 3 powder mist method: use 50% speed Keling wettable powder 1000 times liquid or iprodione wettable powder 1000-1600 times liquid or 65% sulfur bacteria, mildew wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray, 7 days, Spray 2 times.

(5) Diseases. 1 dust method: same as gray mold. 2 In the early stage of the disease, spray 25% metalaxyl WP 750 times liquid or 50% nail cream copper WP 600 times liquid or 72% cream urea manganese zinc wettable powder, 60% succinyl aluminum WP 600 times Liquid root or spray, spray (irrigation) once every 10 days, alternate use 2-3 times.

(6) Rust. In the early stage of the disease, 15% powder rusting wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid or 25% enemy de-emulsion milk 3000 times liquid, once every 10 days, even spraying 2 times, can also be controlled by diniconazole, triazole alcohol and the like.

Seven, timely harvest. In the year of planting, the focus was on “rooting and growing” and not harvesting. If there were chives, it should be removed in time. When the leek grows to about 25 cm, it can be harvested. Harvest in the morning on a sunny day. When harvesting, the knife is 2-4 cm away from the ground. It is appropriate to cut the yellow color. The cutting mouth should be neat and uniform, generally harvesting every 20-25 days. The tools used in the harvesting process should be clean, hygienic and non-polluting.

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