Plants may not have a brain, but they have a nervous system to some extent. Now, plant biologists have discovered that when a leaf is eaten, it uses the same signals as the animal to warn other leaves. This new study is uncovering a long-standing mystery of how different parts of a plant communicate with each other.
The nerve cells of an animal communicate with each other with the help of an amino acid called glutamic acid, which helps to induce a batch of calcium ions in adjacent cells after the nerve cells are stimulated to release glutamate. Calcium waves travel down the next nerve cell, passing signals to the next nerve cell, making long-distance communication possible.
Scientists stumbled upon the plant's response to gravity while conducting another study. They developed a molecular sensor that detects the increase in calcium and believes it might work. The researchers developed a sensor that emits brighter light when the calcium level rises, and then implants it into a mustard plant called Arabidopsis. Then they cut a leaf of the plant to see if it could detect calcium activity.
They immediately saw a light next to the wound, first brightened and then darkened. In a recent report published in the journal Science, they said that before the calcium waves reach other leaves, the light will appear and disappear further. After further research, it was determined that glutamate is a factor that induces calcium waves.
Although plant biologists already know that changes in one part of the plant are perceived by other parts, they do not know how the information is transmitted. Now, researchers have seen the effects of calcium waves and glutamate, so that they can be better monitored, and perhaps one day they can even manipulate the internal communication of plants.
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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