In the cultivation of cultivated land, cucumbers cause serious damage to soil diseases such as wilt disease and epidemics. At present, there is no ideal disease-resistant cucumber variety; the cost of chemical control is high, and the effect is not obvious. A more acceptable measure is the replacement of soil, but the workload is too great, and the source of sterile soil is not widely available, while the change of rotation is too long and subject to land restrictions. The use of disease-resistant pumpkins as rootstocks to cultivate grafted seedlings can basically control the occurrence of these diseases, which is currently the best way to prevent the diseases of cucumbers from continuous cropping. To cultivate cucumber grafted seedlings, pumpkins are generally used as rootstocks. At present, the better rootstock is black-skinned squash, and the No. 1 squash on the southern anvil that was bred in China. Grafting method is as follows:
(1) tongue-shaped * connection: scion (cucumber) should be sown 2 to 3 days earlier than rootstock (pumpkin). Scion is sown about 10-12 days after sowing. At this time, the first true leaf of the cucumber begins to unfold, and the cotyledons of the pumpkin are fully opened. This is the proper period for grafting. The cucumber and pumpkin are 5 to 7 cm in height. Within 2 to 3 days before grafting, the temperature in the nursery greenhouse was reduced by 2 to 3°C, which promoted the growth of the seedlings. During the grafting process, the seedlings were dug out of the seedling tray, and about 1 cm below the cucumber cotyledon, a diagonal incision was made at 15 degrees to 20 degrees in the direction of the first true leaf, and reached a depth of 2% of the embryonic axis diameter. /3 place. Then, the growth point of the pumpkin seedlings was removed. A knife was cut about 20 centimeters to 30 degrees down from the bottom of the pumpkin cotyledons, and the depth was up to 2/3 of the diameter of the hypocotyl. The length of the incision was 5 to 7 mm. If these two cutting edges are cut too shallow, the survival rate will be reduced; if the cutting is too deep, the upper part of the pumpkin will be easily broken. Combine the cuts of cucumbers and squash with each other to fix them with clips, or tie them with plastic tapes, etc., and put the two seedlings into the same nutrient pot or nursery pot. When the interface part is near the ground, cucumbers have the habit of growing adventitious roots, and the pathogens are easy to invade from the wounds, so that the grafted seedlings lose their application value. Therefore, the interface of grafted seedlings should be slightly higher than the soil surface; the embryonic axis should be slightly longer when cultivating seedlings. After grafting, the grafted seedlings should be maintained in a high humidity environment within the arch shed or nursery pots, and the bed temperature should be kept at about 25°C. After the grafted seedlings had survived for about 10 days, the hypocotyls of the cucumber were sheared below the interface, and the squash hypocotyls were sheared near the near interface. When the nourishing seedlings of the noon are wilted when the cucumber embryonic axis is cut, shading can be covered with a straw curtain. After the hypocotyls of cucumber are cut off, they can be cultured for 8 to 10 days.
(2) Plug-in method: The sowing time of the pumpkin should be 5 to 7 days earlier than the cucumber. After 7 to 8 days after sowing, the cotyledons of the seedlings are flattened and the first true leaves of the pumpkin are exposed, which is a suitable period for grafting. When grafting, the growing point of the pumpkin was removed, and a sharp, smooth bamboo skewer was inserted from the side of the base of the pumpkin cotyledon to the hypocotyl obliquely to a depth of 0.5-0.7 cm. The cucumber seedlings were cut diagonally from the cotyledon and the seedlings were cut down. The section length was 0.5-0.7 cm. Then, the cucumber seedlings were inserted into the small holes of the pumpkin seedlings so that the cuts of the cucumbers and the pumpkins were closely combined, and the cross directions of the cucumbers and the cotyledons of the pumpkins were crossed. Under normal circumstances, pumpkin seedlings can be used to plant seedlings (ie no need to excavate). The seedbed should be maintained in a high humidity state within 2 to 3 days after grafting. The bed temperature should be maintained at 25 to 30°C during the day and the night temperature at 23°C. It should be properly covered at noon. shade. After 10 days of grafting, the interface of the seedlings has healed, and the general management can be performed, and the planting will be carried out about one month later.
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