Scientists in-depth interpretation of cancer-targeted therapy

Release date: 2017-08-25

Recently, many headlines have been rumored that gene-based cancer therapies can effectively overcome cancer, such as immunotherapy, but unfortunately these treatments have failed; in a recent study, researchers say that in a wide range of biological concepts The inadequacy of cancer research may clearly deviate from the researchers' goal of developing targeted therapies. Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology have elucidated the genetic mechanisms of cancer, and researchers have clarified cells through research. The mechanism by which protein molecules are made, especially when applied to cancer, may be wrong for two-thirds of the time.

Previously, other researchers have "criticized" the way in which genetic material encodes proteins, but in this latest study, researchers have used very rare analytical techniques to analyze these pathways, and researchers have also proposed Relevant mechanisms have evidence.

The concept of RNA is not complete

The traditional concept is that DNA in a cell is first transcribed to produce messenger RNA, which is then translated into a protein molecule, which forms the basic skeleton of the cell; this model seems to leave us an impression that the protein in the cell The production is similar to the working mode of old-fashioned factory production lines. The amount of DNA transcription into messenger RNA often directly determines the level of protein molecules that are ultimately produced. This idea is the core of gene-based cancer drug developers choosing key targets.

In order to put the hypothesis of RNA production and protein production into the experiment, the researchers analyzed the expression of 4436 genes, transcribed into messenger RNA and finally produced proteins by studying the ovarian cancer cells donated by patients.

RNA will tilt the drug for clues

Researcher McDonald said that messenger RNA-protein ligation is important because proteins are often the target of gene-based cancer therapies, and drug manufacturers also measure the level of messenger RNA in cells to estimate protein production levels, but messengers. The ratio between RNA and protein tends to change significantly, so researchers believe that the new method of targeting proteins commonly made by RNA does not seem to be optimal.

Many studies conducted by researchers have focused on the proportion of normal and cancerous tissues in cancer patients. In this latest study, researchers focus on the metastasis of cancer, which usually accelerates the patient's condition. Progress, the article in the eye giant park analysis of primary tumor tissue and metastatic tumor tissue.

Hidden drug target

Researcher McDonald said that any change in RNA levels from the level of protein to cancer at the time of canceration may lead to drug-targeting errors, and drug manufacturers tend to look for abnormally high levels of messenger RNA in cancer cells before tracking them. An abnormally high level of corresponding protein is considered. Using messenger RNA as an indicator of protein levels can actually work at some point. In the researchers' latest research, investigator McDonald found that in 38% of cases, elevated RNA levels in cancerous cells do reflect The relative increase in protein levels, but this does not seem to be the case in other cases.

Therefore, there are many examples to show that if we can predict how to treat cancer patients based on RNA prediction, then our prescription is likely to go wrong, and drug manufacturers often look for other targets to develop drugs.

RNA silencing or amplification

The process of making basic "building elements" seems to help elucidate the problems that occur in cancerous cells, and it can also help clarify the mechanisms by which proteins are produced. In cancer cells, mutations often make protein production errors, and usually Not only will the protein be deformed, but it will also be over-expressed. Many cancer mutations are mutations at the production level, and these proteins are often overexpressed.

Micro RNA management

The corresponding instructions do not appear to be present at the front end of the assembly line as the DNA is over-transcribed with messenger RNA. In addition, some of the excess transcriptional messenger RNA mutations may be slowed or eliminated by some regulatory mechanisms, and perhaps never Increase the level of protein at the end. The regulatory mechanism seems to also make other messenger RNAs, which translates into large amounts of protein.

At the heart of the regulatory system, an RNA molecule called microRNA tends to micromanage the level of protein ultimately produced. Researchers believe that microRNAs may be primarily responsible for the non-relationship between protein and RNA, and this is a new research direction in recent years.

No one will go wrong

Researcher McDonald is keen to observe the characteristics of cancer patients who have undergone similar tests. However, there is only one patient with very limited data, but he always believes that the phenomenon they observe is real. In the past, many studies have focused on a specific protein and a special gene, or multiple proteins and genes. Currently, researchers have studied more than 4,000 genes, which may not be isolated but related.

Of course, researchers also hope to see some rare advanced protein detection technologies more and more widely used by biomolecule researchers, especially in the development of cancer drugs, targeted gene therapy is a good opposite, but Researchers need a lot of knowledge to determine if they can affect protein levels. Later, with the development and application of new technologies, researchers may be able to obtain a number of research results to promote the development of cancer therapy and new targeted drugs.

Source: Bio Valley

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