Fruit trees are perennial crops. Therefore, the management of fruit trees in spring is much earlier than that of field crops. Farmers of fruit trees should start their actions after the year.
The spring management of fruit trees mainly includes plastic trimming and pest control work.
Pruning
From the end of February to the beginning of April. Mainly based on the characteristics of tree species, tree age, soil fertility and other natural conditions and fertilization irrigation and other management levels to repair the shape. In general, apples, pears, apricots and hawthorns are evacuated and layered in the case of crown and sparse planting; plum trees adopt a happy shape. Specific pruning methods include the following:
A short cut is a cut of a year's branch. In order to expand the canopy, young trees need to be shortened for the extension branch of the main branch. In order to prevent the emergence of baldness, triggering branches, usually 30-40 cm short cut. It should be noted that cutting the mouth to about 1 cm below the bud to prevent the spring breeze from drying out the buds; furthermore, in order to open the angle, the outside buds should be left under the scissors.
Thinning is cutting off the branches from the base. If the back branches stand upright within the canopy, they are too prosperous and not easy to produce. Therefore, they must be removed from the base.
A part of the retreat that removes perennial branches is called retraction. Generally drooping branches grow weakly, and even if the results are of poor quality, they need to be renewed. When two large branches cross, they affect each other and need to be retracted.
Long release is also called dumping, that is not cut. In general, horizontal branches with medium to long growth can be grown long enough to promote flower bud formation and early results.
Winter pruning of fruit trees should pay attention to the combination of various methods. Remember not to cut all branches as haircuts, and to achieve a layered sense of diversity. Now it is common to divide the canopy into upper and lower layers.
Pest Control
Apple rot disease cure due to excessive results, coupled with insufficient supply of water and fertilizer, or encounter freezing injury, will cause the occurrence of apple rot disease, resulting in the death of large branches or whole trees.
Symptoms: The bark turns reddish-brown and breaks open, smelling distiller's grains. When it is serious, there is a sag, with black dots on it. This is the sporangia. It encounters rainwater, spews out, and infects other trees.
Scratching treatment: First scrape the skin along the boundary with a knife to find a healthy green skin. Cut a knife down, and then scrape the rotten skin off, apply 5% of liquid to the rot must be clear or fruit rot. Care must be taken to collect the scraped skin and bring it out of the orchard, burn it or bury it deeply, and disinfect the source.
The control and prevention of plum and apricot trees by Tian Long are often easily endangered by Red-collared calf, causing the death of big trees.
Control methods: Use a straw rope to wind up the trunk and main branch so that the adult can not spawn in the bark; once a year, burn the old rope removed. If worms are found on the ground near the trunk, it indicates that the larvae of the larvae have already entered the interior of the branch. Empty holes should be found on the trail of insects and feces. Use a cotton ball to dip 5 times of dichlorvos. Put the cotton ball into the wormhole with a wire and plug it with mud. You can kill it in it.
Other management
After the pruning is completed, the cut branches are cleared out of the orchard in time to reduce the bacteria source and eggs. A few days prior to the budding, a lime sulfur or polysulfide solution was sprayed on Baume 5. There is less snowfall this winter, and there are different levels of drought in the orchards, which should be filled with water before sprouting.
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