The strawberry is known as the "fruit queen", rich nutrition, beautiful appearance, sweet taste, is the only choice for citizens to pick and taste, gifts for relatives and friends. Before and after the Spring Festival, when strawberries are listed in large quantities, we need to pay special attention to water and fertilizer management. We must guard against the occurrence of strawberry diseases and insect pests and ensure the quality and yield of the listed strawberries.
Strengthen cultivation and management to ensure healthy growth of plants
â— timely fertilizer
After the Spring Festival, most of the strawberries have been harvested for 2-3 capsules, and after the second crop, the strawberries are prone to de-fertilization, which is mainly reflected in smaller fruit shape and lower quality. Fertilizer should be applied in a timely manner, and additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, drip irrigation or foliar spray of superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, increase soil fertility, in order to promote the development of fruit in the middle and later stages, effectively increase the accumulation of sugar in strawberries, increase fruit weight and Quality makes the fruit more delicious and the price of the product is higher. For leggy shoots, amino oligosaccharides or amino acid foliar fertilizers can be sprayed to control strawberry growth and increase plant resistance. Spray time should be selected in cloudy and sunny mornings and evenings, when the temperature is low, leaf stomata is open, and nutrition is easily absorbed.
â— reasonable water supply
The fruit needs large amount of water during the expansion period, and timely supply of water according to dry and wet conditions in the field. The lack of water will cause the fruit to become smaller and harder. Excessive water content will easily lead to hollow fruit, fruit rot, and other diseases. During the fruit harvesting period, proper water control is needed to increase the degree of fruit coloration and sugar content. Earth-cultured strawberries are watered 1-2 times a week, mixed and irrigated 1-2 times, and when the temperature is higher, they need to be watered 3-4 times a week.
â— appropriate temperature control
As the spring temperature warms up and the temperature is too high, the strawberry seedlings grow too fast, the fruit ripens too quickly, and the volume is too small. Should increase the number or time of opening of the tuyere, reasonably control the temperature, keep the temperature of the canopy at 18°C-25°C during the day, and maintain 5°C-8°C at night.
â— focus on management
Weeding and weeding maintain the soil permeability, and at the same time, we should pay attention to the repair of strawberry ridges to ensure the integrity of the strawberry ridges. Keep the pastoral clean, bring the diseased leaves and diseased fruits out of the shed and destroy them in time to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Harvesting in time, it is easy to produce rot of berries after harvesting too late. Generally, harvesting begins when the fruit is colored 70%.
â— fruit buds
The results of the first opening of the strawberry flower are larger; when the flower bud is divided into the first-order flower, it often fails to form an invalid flower after flowering, and even if the fruit is formed, it is not effective because the harvesting value is too small. Therefore, ineffective flowers, thin flower buds, small fruit, malformed fruit, and stale fruit are removed timely, and 3-6 fruit pieces are kept on each inflorescence, so that nutrition is preferentially supplied to the earlier flower buds and larger fruits to ensure that the strawberries Large, tidy and easy to harvest. The fruit of sparse buds should be based on the principle of a small number of times, gradually divided several times.
Appropriate selection of lateral buds can increase the yield of strawberries, but too many lateral buds will result in excessive number of leaves and delicate plants. According to the distance between the plants and the growth of the strawberry, 1-2 thick and well-directed lateral shoots were taken from each plant and the rest were removed. The early-stage stolons will consume a lot of nutrients and should be removed in time to keep the plants neat and ensure nutrient supply.
â— Bee pollination
Adopting honeybee pollination is an effective measure to improve the yield and quality of strawberries. Periodically check out the bee colony situation to ensure that the water container does not cut off water to prevent the bees from becoming water-free. If there is less honey source, you should feed sucrose or honey in time. Control the temperature of the beehive to ensure that the worker bees are eager to collect pollen. When the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 26°C, the air outlet shall be ventilated and ventilated in time, and the insect net shall be covered on the air outlet to prevent the bees from flying outside. When fighting drugs and smoking, the beehive needs to be moved out of the greenhouse. In the late growth period of the strawberry, the number of bees flying outside and death is large, and it is necessary to constantly check the number of bee colonies and supplement or replace the beehive in time.
Frequent pests and control measures
Strawberry Powdery Mildew
The main symptoms strawberry powdery mildew is the most common disease in the late stage of strawberry growth. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves were damaged, and the petioles, stalks and fruits were infected when serious. In the early stage of disease, white powder appears on the front surface of the leaves. If the control is not spread quickly and quickly, the entire leaf lesions are connected to one another and affect the photosynthesis of the leaves. The leaves turn up, harden, and prematurely decay; the diseased fruit on the lesions. After a serious impact on fruit quality.
Control methods Powdery mildew is important for prevention. Use sulfur to fumigate at 7-11 pm at night. Use 5-8 fumigation tanks per mu. Keep it closed for 5 hours after treatment and fumigate once every 5-7 days. - 10 days of foliar application of Biao and other growth regulators 2-3 times to increase plant resistance to disease. When the disease is severe, 0.5% emodin hydrosol, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules or 250 g/l azoxystrobin suspension can be used for prevention and treatment.
ã€Grass Botrytis cinerea】
The main symptoms of strawberry gray mold began to infect in the flowering period, the early stage of the disease, the calyx behind the red, the petals of water stains grayish brown necrosis, resulting in uneven or uneven coloration; early onset of fruit appearance of brown water-soaked small spots, greenhouse humidity When it was large, a gray mold layer appeared at the onset of fruit and stalk, and when it was severe, the fruit was covered with moldy layer and rotted and necrotic.
Prevention and control methods to control the humidity and properly increase the temperature of the greenhouse are effective ways to prevent the occurrence of gray mold. Sunny and well-ventilated, reduce the humidity in the shed. Once the diseased leaves are found, remove them promptly and take them outside the shed. Avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer so as not to cause the plants to grow in length. When the onset is heavy, it is recommended that smokers be smoked, such as 10% procymidone.
ã€Strawberry locust】
The main symptoms of strawberry aphids are mainly clustered on the back of leaves and inflorescences of young leaves, sucking juice, causing lack of nutrition; damage to the growing point, new leaf distortion can not be unfolded; secretion of honeydew, causing coal pollution and so on.
Prevention and control methods Facilities shall be equipped with insect nets to prevent the migration of locusts. Fields should be monitored for locust populations, yellow plates are to be hung and replaced regularly, and attention is paid to the number of crickets on the yellow plate. In the early stages of locust occurrence, Harmonia axyridis was released for control, with 100 cards per acre and 20 eggs per card. When the incidence is heavy, it can be treated with 1.5% pyrethrin water emulsion, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and other agents.
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