Summer corn planting technical guidance
First, the seedlings Dingmiao, a reasonable dense planting
Reasonable dense planting is one of the key measures to increase corn production. Compact plant varieties: Zhengdan 958, Yudan 20, etc., are appropriately increased in planting density, reaching 4,000 to 4,500 plants per acre, and high-yield plants reaching 4,500 to 5,500 plants/mu; The density of the compact type should be slightly lower and the density can be controlled at 3600-4000 plants per mu. The work of seedlings and seedlings is usually carried out in the 3-4 leaf stage. Since the corn is in the "weaning period" before and after the 3-leaf stage, there must be good light conditions. If the plants are overcrowded at the seedling stage, the roots of the plants will be staggered and there will be disputes. Water fights the phenomenon of fertilizer. According to experiments conducted by the relevant agricultural research department, the summer maize seedlings in the 5- to 9-leaf stage will be seeded at the 3-4 leaf stage, and the yield per hectare will be reduced by 14% to 27%. Therefore, the seedlings and the fixed seedlings should be carried out as early as possible. The time of thinning and setting seedlings should be in the sunny afternoon. Those seedlings, insect biting seedlings, and stunted seedlings are more likely to wilt in the afternoon, which is easy to identify and eliminate. For those seedlings with dense leaves, dense leaves, dark and green leaves, and black and green leaves, they should be completely removed.
Second, promote formula fertilization technology, pouring a good key water
At present, the cultivation of summer corn in our county mainly depends on the application of chemical fertilizers to meet the demand for nutrients during the growing period. According to the results of soil testing of the local monitoring points in the county, there is a large gap between the levels of nutrients in different regions and in the same area. Combining the relatively short growth period of maize and the large demand for nitrogen and other nutrients, this paper puts forward the principle of fertilizing corn this summer: According to the specific soil nutrient level, it should be combined with the upper glutinous wheat fertilization to make full use of the remaining organic fertilizer and phosphorus Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, with micro. In particular, the amount of potash fertilizer should be increased in sandy lands and high-yield plots in order to achieve a balanced supply of nutrients, and the application of zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and its application amount should be determined according to the soil test results.
According to the current level of corn production per mu in the entire county of 600 kg of corn, it is recommended that the use of per acre: 15-16 kg of pure nitrogen (40% of total fertilizer, 60% of total panicle fertilizer), phosphorus ( P2O5) 6-7 kg, potassium (K2O) 13-14 kg. In terms of specific production, 10-15 kg of DAP, 15-20 kg of potassium sulphate or 30-40 kg of medium-concentration compound fertilizer (corn-specific fertilizer) are applied per acre during sowing. The big bell mouth is topdressed with 20-25 kg of urea per acre for panicle fertilizer; for high-yielding corn fields, nitrogen fertilizer is applied topically, and the flowering period is to be supplemented with flowering grain fertilizer. During the flowering period (pulling male to silking), topdressing 10 Kilograms are used as attacking grain fertilizers to solve the problem of defertilization in the later period. Potassium and phosphate fertilizers are used as seed fertilizers during sowing to increase fertilizer utilization. The application of micronutrient fertilizer technology suggests that the summer maize should be seeded with 20-30 g/mu zinc sulfate and 20 g/mu manganese sulfate.
For this year's corn during the growth of the climate characteristics, combined with soil moisture, fertilization, natural precipitation and other conditions in a timely manner pouring good seedling water, flower water and grout water, to meet the fertility water demand during the critical period of water supply.
Third, implement chemical weed control and pest comprehensive control technology
1, chemical weeding technology
In accordance with the pollution-free technical requirements for the implementation of chemical weeding, recommended herbicide species: Yi A mixture (Bei water), Yu Nong Lok (smazosulfuron) and other species, should increase the amount of water in use, and avoid the hot weather, Evenly sprayed to the ground, so that no heavy spray, no leakage spray.
Recommended dosage: 40% Ethylene Mixture 150ml-200ml per acre, watering 50-80kg, sprayed in all directions before emergence of maize seedlings, or 18% per an acre of Jade Farm Fungus (active ingredient: Niacin) Long) 60ml ~ 100ml, 50kg ~ 80kg of water, in the corn 5 leaf stage, weeds 3 leaf stage oriented spraying, should pay attention to 7 months before and after the application of nicosulfuron, can not spray organic phosphorus pesticides to prevent corn pests To avoid phytotoxicity.
2. Integrated pest control technologies
The main diseases in my county are: earthworms and other underground pests, swedish flies, thrips, ploughing, sunflower maggots, aphids, cotton bollworms, armyworm, etc.; diseases mainly include rough dwarf diseases, root rot, and stem rot. Disease, brown spot, melanoma powder, and top rot.
Specific prevention measures:
1. Plant disease-resistant varieties as far as possible, and make full use of the resistance to pests and diseases of good varieties.
2. The use of wide pop seed coating or chemical seed dressing to control some diseases and underground pests. Control corn head rot, head smut fungicide speed Poly seed dressing can be used; control of underground pests can be used phoxim and carbendazim seed dressing control pests and other underground pests. Seed coating or drug seed dressing can be selected as a method, but generally not applied at the same time to prevent the occurrence of injury.
3. Prevent and control the planthoppers, swine flies, hummocks, ploughing, and corn borers from the seedling stage to the trumpet stage; control pests such as brown spot, smut, etc. Through the dynamic monitoring of the occurrence of pests, timely prevention and treatment.
It should be noted that in the two-leaf and one-heart stage, imidacloprid spraying is used to control SBPH, and disease control is used to prevent and treat corn rough dwarf disease; in the period of 3 to 4 leaves, high-efficiency cypermethrin can be used to prevent Swedish fly and treat thrips; When the whiteflies occur, they should be treated with 1000 times of irrigation and control of the roots of the second generation of first-instar larvae.
Prevention of corn borer, in the small bell-mouth period, with 3% phoxim granules, or with 1.5% of phoxim and roving according to the ratio of 1:15 mix heart.
In the period from the small bell mouth to the big bell mouth, in the early stages of the disease such as brown spot disease and smut black spot, spraying with thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim, etc. Should be selected before the onset or early onset of 20% Triadimefon 3000 times, 50% carbendazim 500 ~ 800 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 ~ 1000 times, 12.5% ​​Loquat 1000 times, 25 % of the enemy off 1500 times liquid spray, 7 to 10 days once, 2 or 3 times in a row. If the amount of foliar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and other foliar fertilizers are added to the liquid, the effect is better. When spraying, spray the lower blade and sheath.
The incidence of corn leaf spot has a lot to do with the amount of rainfall in July. When the diseased plant rate reached 70%, the diseased leaf rate began to develop from the bottom up; the rainfall was early and the diseased plant rate rose early; otherwise it was late. Control methods: First remove 1-2 pieces of diseased leaves at the bottom of the corn and destroy them; spray 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate 500 times.
When the rate of diseased corn is 100%, and the diseased leaf rate is 30%, there is a rainfall process and prevention and control can be carried out. Control methods: Can be sprayed with 12% green copper, or 25% of the enemy off 2000 times, or 40% of Wei Wei suspension emulsion 1000 times or 80% of new Wansheng 700 times.
Fourth, flexible implementation of corn control technology
Due to the need for high-yield corn, the planting density has increased significantly. Therefore, the implementation of preventive measures is very important. The first is to control water seedlings at the seedling stage to promote root development and enhance resistance to drought and drought; the second is to use some techniques such as artificial emasculation and spraying of corn sturdy to reduce the consumption of nutrients and prevent lodging in some varieties with high straw content. The third is to use artificially assisted pollination and other techniques to reduce the occurrence of empty rods and imaginary points in response to adverse weather conditions.
V. Take appropriate late-income measures to increase production and income
Appropriate late harvest of corn can increase production without increasing input. Under the premise of not affecting the normal sowing of the next stubble wheat, the maize harvest time should be delayed as far as possible in order to make full use of the light and heat resources, so that the grain can be fully grouted, the grain weight can be increased, and the yield can be increased. In general, the harvest time of our county is controlled at the end of September. At this time, the average daily temperature drops to about 16°C, and the corn grouting is basically stopped. Harvesting and drying should be timely.
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