The income of loofah is broken? Choosing the right variety is the key! Main varieties and cultivation techniques of loofah
Loofah is one of the common vegetable varieties in our life. It has a silky texture and is often used as a soup. The method of planting loofah is relatively simple, and the planting efficiency is considerable. Many growers want to plant loofah, but there are many varieties of loofah. Which loofah varieties should be planted? Let's take a look at the main varieties of loofah and their cultivation techniques together with Xiaobian.
First, the main varieties
1, three ratio 2#
The combination of pork loofah and fragrant loofah, especially early maturing, sitting fruit too early, there are many fruit, requiring sufficient fertilizer and water; sheds and open fields are suitable for cultivation.
"Three to 2#" has been promoted for nearly ten years, and it is popular for a long time. It is one of the largest varieties of loofah in the country. It is famous for its early maturity, high rate of sitting and good quality, and is a base (cooperative). The first choice of loofah varieties for professional vegetable farmers.
Characteristics: Very early maturing, medium growth potential, melons in knots, because the rate of sitting melon is too high, there must be sufficient supply of fertilizer and water; melon skin is light green, fleshy white, and the melon is listed with melon length of 25-28 cm, melon 6 cm, fruit weight 400 ~ 600 g best quality.
2, three than 6#
This year, the new "three to six #" loofah is pushed to the next level. In addition to the advantages of the "three to two #2" loofah, it has three major advantages:
1. The rate of continuous melons is higher, each section has melons, and the rate of high-quality melons is 98%;
2, melons are more sturdy, all beautiful, the shape of the melon is consistent, the standard long rod-shaped loofah;
3, more resistant to aging, melon to 2 pounds, the taste is still good, of course, the best listing with about 500 grams.
Characteristics: Super early maturing, medium growth potential, melons in section, because the rate of sitting melon is too high, there must be sufficient supply of fertilizer and water; melon green, tender meat white, tender melon listed with melon length 28 ~ 32 cm, melon 6.5 Centimeter, fruit weight 400 ~ 700 grams of the best quality.
3, milk 1#
The combination of pork loofah and pork loofah, short stick shape, white peel, white fleshy white jade, fried milk is white milk soup, like milk, tender, smooth, cool, is a super high quality loofah.
Characteristics: Early maturity, strong growth potential, high rate of sitting and melon, planting in the greenhouse should strengthen the pruning, sowing in February and July, it is more advantageous, and the greenhouse and open field are suitable for cultivation; the melon is listed with a melon length of about 25 cm. The diameter of the melon is 7 cm and the fruit weight is 400 to 800 g.
Second, the cultivation techniques
1. Sowing period
Spring melon is planted from February to March, and harvested from April to July; summer melon is planted from April to May, harvested from June to August; autumn melon is planted from June to August, and harvested from September to November.
Early cultivation, grab the morning market, early spring greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation, double arched seedlings, can be planted when the temperature in the shed reaches 15 °C.
The summer air temperature is high, the sunshine is long, the stems and leaves grow vigorously, and the female flowers are often postponed, and the short daylight treatment should be given through the seedlings.
2, cultivation mode
Shed climbing frame or hanging vine cultivation, open field climbing cultivation.
3, soaking seeds and germination
The ratio of seed coat of three to 1# and three to 2# loofah seeds is high, and the water absorption is slow. It is difficult to raise the buds without understanding this feature. There are two methods for soaking seeds:
1 Soak seeds with 920 (gibberellin) 0.1% solution for about 15 hours.
2 Before soaking seeds, use a sharp scissors to cut off a small part of the seed coat at the bud mouth (where the seeds germinate), taking care not to damage the seed embryos, and then soaking them with normal temperature water for 15 hours. The above two methods can reach the germination rate. 99%; If neither of the above methods is used, the soaking time can be up to 24 hours (natural room temperature water); other loofahs are only soaked in normal temperature water for 10 to 15 hours. The germination temperature is 28 to 32 °C.
4, planting density
When 2 to 3 pieces of true seedlings are planted, the planting density should be determined according to the purpose of cultivation.
If it is to grab the morning market and improve the pre-production, the early-maturing varieties can be planted with about 2000 crops and about 1,500 acres of early-maturing varieties, but it is required to remove all the side vines in time, leaving only the main vines, and the main vines below 10 leaves. Female flowers (small melon) must be removed in time, otherwise it will affect the normal fruit setting;
If it is a general pruning, the early maturing varieties are planted with about 1000 plants per mu, and the early maturing varieties are planted with about 700 plants per mu. The main vines are less than 10 leaves and the female flowers (small melon) are removed in time, and more than 10 leaves can be retained for more than 10 leaves. vine.
5, fertilizer management
Loofah is resistant to heat, heat, moisture and sputum. After planting, special early-maturing varieties should be used to apply seedling fertilizer to promote the growth of melon seedlings; the fruit and water needed for the fruiting period is the most, and the soil should be kept at a high humidity. Otherwise, the melons will grow up or fall due to insufficient supply of fertilizer and water. In order to obtain high yield, the fertilizer is usually applied once every 7 days, preferably with human and animal manure or 1% compound fertilizer solution; spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7 days during the fruit setting period.
Cultivation in the greenhouse, due to high temperature, high humidity, fast plant growth, node growth, in fact, is long, need to use the content of 15% paclobutrazol 10 ~ 15 grams of water 15 kg ratio spray 2 to 3 times (5 ~ 7 Spraying once a day), the effect of spraying paclobutrazol is good. First, it can control the length of the palate. Secondly, it can increase the rate of sitting melon, but we must pay attention to the concentration of paclobutrazol. The first concentration is lower, and the concentration is increased according to the length of the situation. Prevent the one-time concentration from being too high. If there are more female flowers in the early stage, less male flowers, artificial pollination, you can also use the hormone agent sitting fruit spirit or 2.4-D spray female flowers, according to the instructions.
6, scaffolding, and melon
After transplanting, it should be framed in time. When the vines are released, the vines or vines should be introduced in time; it is recommended that the female flowers (small melon) below 10 leaves should be removed in time, because the melon seedlings are still in the weak seedling stage, if not removed, the melons are not removed. The growth of the seedlings is blocked, and the melons are difficult to grow up, and the subsequent melons are obviously affected. In order to make the melons straight and improve the commerciality of the loofah, it is necessary to treat the melons frequently, to prevent the young fruits from being blocked by tendrils, scaffolding, and to remove the stunted melons.
After harvesting the tender melon for about 40 days, cut off all the old leaves and weak branches, remove all the flower buds, and re-dress the fertilizer water once. The purpose is to promote new branches, so that the plants can be well-fruited in the late stage and avoid the peak of the market.
7. Prevention and control of pests and diseases
Loofah has few diseases, but there are also brown spot, anthracnose, blight, mosaic disease, and the fungicides can be used for the control of mancozeb, carbendazim, carbendazim and other fungicides.
Insects include melons and yellow squashes, and they are controlled by kungfu or enemy killing.
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