â— Problem 1
Many vegetable farmers use high-temperature stuffy sheds. After cleaning the sheds, they close the sheds until the new seedlings are planted. This stuffy way is problematic.
Analysis: Vegetable growers have been busy planting vegetables for nearly a year, and finally waited until the summer rest period to rest. Plus summer temperatures are high, especially in the shed is unbearable, vegetable farmers are not willing to go to the shed, farming operations are more and more The simpler the better, such as closing the vents at high temperatures and boring. This can indeed kill pathogenic bacteria and eggs that remain on the soil surface, but what about deep soil problems?
The correct approach: vegetable farmers can use the "dry stuffy" and "wet stuffy" combination of methods. After the garden was pulled out, a large number of bacteria and eggs were concentrated on the surface of the soil, pillars and walls. At this time, the air vents were closed and the repaired membranes were repaired and damaged. High-temperature stuffy sheds were used. The shed temperature at noon could exceed 60°C, and the number was maintained. Within hours, most pathogens on the surface of the shed can be wiped out within a week. This is called "dry boring." The law is simple and easy to use. It is a measure often used by vegetable farmers, but this is not all of the high-temperature stuffy shed. This method can only kill pests and diseases on the surface of the shed, so it is still necessary to combine the “humid stuffiness†to achieve sterilization. Insects are comprehensive and thorough. After drying, it is necessary to deepen the soil by 30 centimeters. If the soil is turned over by a rotary cultivator without deep plowing, it will result in a small scope of sterilization and insect killing. The bacteria and nematodes in the deep soil are difficult to kill. Then, the greenhouse is flooded, and the thermal conductivity of water is higher than that of soil to ensure that the soil tillage layer reaches a higher temperature. After irrigating, cover the plastic film for another ten to fifteen days. Conditions can also be used to dig trenches, ditches and wheat straw, and especially in greenhouses with severe soil and salt damage. This method is more appropriate.
â— Problem 2
Many vegetable farmers are trying to save time by simply cleaning out the plant stems, and a large number of roots are still left in the soil to allow them to rot. This practice is potentially harmful, especially in the case of heavy planting, which can be considered a taboo. The main purpose of the vegetable farmer's garden is to remove the large number of pathogens that may be carried by the last vegetable in a timely manner out of the greenhouse, and the root system is the main carrier of blight, bacterial wilt, root rot, and root-knot nematode, if the root system is not cleaned. Therefore, the effectiveness of the Qingyuan Garden was greatly reduced, and it could even be said that it left behind the root cause of the high incidence of root diseases.
Analysis: In recent years, the incidence of pests and diseases in greenhouses has been on the rise. The pathogens and eggs of these diseases are mostly overwintering in summer. At present, the three most serious pests that occur in the greenhouses are thrips, whiteflies and aphids. After the shed is excavated, insect pests such as locusts are mostly hidden in the soil or dormant and dormant. Adults, eggs, etc. fall on the ground or enter the soil. Residues of plant residues in the soil provide great convenience for their survival. There are more than 50 kinds of diseases that often occur on vegetables and cause more serious damage, and most of them can spread through the soil. Pathogens depend on the survival of diseases in the soil. When the next crop is grown, this is the initial source of the disease, especially roots of various root rot, stem rot, bacterial wilt, blight, and root knot nematodes. Disease has occurred in the shed, but also to thoroughly clean the root system. Taking root-knot nematode as an example, it is an excellent opportunity to extermination when the garden is pulled out. This opportunity can be used to bring root-knot nematodes attached to the roots out of the shed, and the remaining part of the root-knot nematode can be killed by high-temperature stuffy sheds or chemical treatment. . There are fewer plant residues in the soil, and naturally fewer pathogens are attached to it, which can greatly reduce the chance of infection of diseases and insect pests in the next crop. After removing the garden, the roots in the soil are promptly removed, and the amount of self-toxic substances in the soil can also be reduced, thereby reducing the harm caused by the heavy carp.
Correct practice: When leaving the garden, leave 10 to 20 centimeters of stalks, clean all the trees, mulch, weeds, etc., and then immediately dig out the root system with shovels, etc., and collect and bring them out of the shed. Roots should not be protracted for long periods of time to avoid leaving part of the roots rotted and left in the soil. Afterwards, high-temperature stuffy sheds or fumigation with chemicals are used to maximize the killing of pathogens, especially where there are dead trees, root knot nematodes, etc., to be dealt with in a focused manner to minimize the number of pests and reduce the number of pests to the next crop. Threats.
â— Question three
The rest period of the greenhouse is very short. There are also many vegetable farmers who use this period of time to grow another summer leafy vegetables such as garland chrysanthemum and spinach.
Analysis: The greenhouse is planted all year round. There is no rest period and there are many harms. The first is the increase of diseases and insect pests in the greenhouses, the existence of host pathogens, suitable environmental conditions, and the survival of pathogenic bacteria in the soil will increase significantly. Second, there is no rest period, which results in short application time of base fertilizer and rapid deterioration of soil conditions. Most of the dry chicken manure and rice husk manure currently used by growers are not completely decomposed or decomposed, which aggravates the damage to the roots. The probability of seedlings is conducive to the occurrence of root disease spread.
Correct practice: Every summer is the best time to deal with soil. Farmers should grasp this critical period, thoroughly disinfect the greenhouses, apply basic fertilizers, and lay a good foundation for the production of vegetables under the corn. Padding can kill a large number of pathogens in the shed, including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, etc., to reduce the incidence of disease, is conducive to the growth of vegetables, is a low input and effective sterilization method. For dead sheds in previous years, dead trees can be used.
Special reminder: Bacterial fertilizer must be added after the boring shed, because the beneficial bacteria in the soil were also killed during the boring process. After soil treatment, it is necessary to open the shed and turn the ground to promote the volatilization of the soil treatment agent. Before the vegetable is colonized, a large number of bacterial fertilizers are applied. The best combination of Pu Shi and acupoints is the critical period for the harmful bacteria to recover from damage. It is also a vegetable. In the important period of root growth and expansion, early application of fungus fertilizer can occupy the soil living space, inhibit the reproduction of pathogens, and effectively reduce the occurrence of root diseases. After planting vegetables, biofungus fertilizer has been rushed and continuously added to the beneficial bacteria in the soil, which can increase its effect of suppressing diseases and increasing yield.
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