What is nitrogen fertilizer? What are the types and effects of nitrogen fertilizer?
What is nitrogen? Nitrogen is a fertilizer containing nitrogen crop nutrients. Elemental nitrogen for crop growth plays a very important role, it is part of a plant amino acid in vivo, is a component constituting protein, is also part of the plants chlorophyll photosynthesis play a decisive role. Nitrogen can also help crops points colonization, nitrogen application can not only improve the yield of agricultural products, but also to improve the quality of agricultural products. Nitrogen fertilizer is also a kind of inorganic salt.
The role of nitrogen fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer is a fertilizer containing nutrient nitrogen in crops. The main functions of nitrogen fertilizer are: increase the total biomass and economic output; improve the nutritional value of agricultural products, especially increase the protein content of seeds and improve the nutritional value of food.
Nitrogen is the main component of protein in crops. Without nitrogen, it can not form nitrogen white matter. Without protein, there is no possibility of various life phenomena. In crops, where there are many proteins (such as seeds) containing more nitrogen;
Parts containing less protein (such as senescent stems) contain less nitrogen. Not only that, but nitrogen is also a component of chlorophyll and many enzymes. Chlorophyll is a necessary substance for photosynthesis in crops, and enzymes are catalysts for the conversion of various substances in crops. Nuclear proteins and plant alkaloids also contain nitrogen. It can be seen that nitrogen plays an extremely important role in crop nutrition. The crop begins to absorb nitrogen from the first true leaf.
When the application of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, the crops generally show that the plants are short and thin; the leaves are yellowish green, yellow orange and other abnormal green, the leaves of the base are gradually dry and withered; the roots are less branched; the tillers of cereal crops are significantly reduced, even without divergence, young Poorly differentiated spike, small branches, small spike, premature aging and premature crop significantly reduce yield.
Excess nitrogen fertilizer when the crop is generally reflected in: growing too lush, born axillary bud constantly, often excessive tillering, hinder the normal development of the reproductive organs, as well as delayed maturity, leaves are dark green, tender and juicy stems and leaves, in vivo soluble non-protein nitrogen content is too high, vulnerable to pest damage, easy lodging, cereal plant is not full (lower grain weight), and more unfilled grains, reduce crop yields.
The nitrogen fertilizer commonly used today is mainly urea. Urea is an organic nitrogen fertilizer. After being hydrolyzed into ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogencarbonate by urease reaction in the soil, it can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Therefore, urea should be applied 4 to 8 days before the fertilizer requirement period of the crop.
At the same time, deep application of soil, the final product of urea decomposition in the soil is ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbonate is very unstable, decomposes in the soil or soil surface to form free ammonia, volatile loss.
As with other nitrogen fertilizers, urea should be applied in the morning or evening, preferably after rain or on cloudy days. Urea is a unit fertilizer, which should be used in combination with phosphate fertilizer or other chemical fertilizers, so as to meet the needs of crops for various nutrients, and also to play a role in assisting fertilizers.
What are the common nitrogen fertilizers?
Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer
The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer includes ammonium hydrogencarbonate (NH4HCO3), ammonium sulfate {(NH4)2SO4}, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), ammonia water (NH3.H2O), liquid ammonia (NH3), and the like.
Common characteristics of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer
- 1. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is easily adsorbed by the soil colloid and partially enters the clay mineral crystal layer.
- 2. Ammonium nitrogen is easily oxidized to nitrate.
- 3. Volatile loss of ammonia in an alkaline environment.
- 4. High concentration of ammonium nitrogen is prone to toxic to crops.
- 5. Absorption of excess ammonium nitrogen by crops has a certain inhibitory effect on the absorption of calcium, magnesium and potassium.
Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer
The nitrate nitrogen fertilizer includes sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate {Ca(NO3)2}, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and the like.
Common characteristics of nitrate nitrogen:
1, soluble in water, moving faster in the soil.2, NO3 - absorption mainly absorption, crops easily absorb nitrate.
3. Nitrate fertilizer has no inhibitory effect on the absorption of calcium, magnesium and potassium nutrients in crops.
4. Nitrate is a negatively charged anion that cannot be adsorbed by soil colloids.
5. Nitrate is easily reduced to a gaseous state (NO, N2O, N2) by denitrification and escapes from the soil.
Amide nitrogen fertilizer
Urea: Molecular formula CO(NH2)2, containing N-41-46%. Solid fertilizer The highest quality nitrogen fertilizer, is a chemically synthesized organic small molecule compound. Soluble in water, the aqueous solution is neutral; it is easy to deliquesce under high temperature and humidity. Physiological neutral fertilizer, after being applied to the soil, is absorbed in a molecular state. Most of it is converted into (NH4)2CO3 by urease, and the fertilizer effect is slower than NH4+-N and NO3--N. - 5 days of application; no adverse reactions to the soil.
Can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, not recommended as seed fertilizer, most suitable for root dressing; suitable for all kinds of soils and crops, lime and alkaline soil application should be applied deep to prevent ammonia volatilization.
Long-acting nitrogen fertilizer
Also known as slow-acting or slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, controlled-effect nitrogen fertilizer, difficult to dissolve in water or difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms, slowly release nutrients in the soil.
Common characteristics of long-acting nitrogen fertilizer:
- 1. The solubility is small, the rate of releasing nutrients is slow, and the loss of nitrogen leaching, volatilization, fixation and denitrification are reduced.
- 2, the fertilizer effect is stable and long, can meet the nitrogen supply of the crop throughout the growth period.
- 3, can be used in large quantities at a time, saving labor and effort.
- 4 Simple identification of nitrogen fertilizer
The most common counterfeit nitrogen fertilizers on the market, such as fake urea, generally have two situations: First, the composition of the whole bag is inconsistent. If the fluidity at the upper mouth of the bag is good, the underflow does not flow or even agglomerates, and a strong volatile ammonia smell can be smelled.
Basically, it can be judged that the above is urea, and the following is pseudo-doped ammonium bicarbonate. If the upper and lower fluidity is very good, but the color and particle size of the particles are inconsistent, it may be pseudo-doped ammonium nitrate; the other case is that the whole bag of fertilizer has the same composition, and the common counterfeit substances are: granular ammonium nitrate, etc. There are also some macromolecular organics, such as polyols. Although the particles, color, and solubility of the above substances are very similar to those of urea, they can be identified by the following methods.
Exterior
Urea is white translucent particles, the surface is not reflective; while the surface of ammonium nitrate particles has obvious color and reflection; polyol is opaque milky white particles, no color and no reflection.
Feel
Urea is smooth, loose, and has no moist feeling; ammonium nitrate is smooth but has a moist sensation; although the polyol is loose and moisture-free, it is not smooth.
Fire
The three substances are placed on the red wood carbon or iron plate, the urea melts, the white smoke, and the ammonia smell; the ammonium nitrate burns violently, emits strong light and white smoke, and is mixed with "å—¤~~å—¤~ ~" Sound; although the polyol is decomposed and burned, it has no ammonia smell.
This article URL: What is nitrogen fertilizer? What are the types and effects of nitrogen fertilizer?
Introduction:
The bulb of garlic,an allium plant in the lily family.with the pungent flavor and spicy taste.spherical shape with a diameter of 3-6.5cm. The surface is covered with white and papery-skin.
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Specification
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Variety:Liliaceous Vegetables
Color:Pure white/Normal white
Nutrition:
Manganese: 2% of the Daily Value
Vitamin B6: 2% of the DV
Vitamin C: 1% of the DV
Selenium: 1% of the DV
Fiber: 0.06 grams
Decent amounts of calcium, copper, potassium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin B1
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