With the development of facilities and vegetable industry, the tomato planting area has been continuously expanded and the production efficiency has become increasingly significant. However, heavy tomato cultivation has caused serious plant diseases and insect pests in the facility, and some farmers have caused devastating losses to the vegetable growers. This ensures the normal production of tomato and the vegetable industry for the facility. With sound and rapid development, the author has introduced the comprehensive prevention and control technologies for tomato pests and diseases through the years of experiments and production practices as follows:
1 Agricultural control
1.1 Selected varieties
The production should use high-yield, high-quality, pest-resistant, low-temperature-resistant, wide-adaptability, good varieties of goods, such as: rooster rookie, Renault 102, Jin Peng 3 and so on. In particular, Diffany, Phaeton, Eurojin, Champions League and other anti-TY virus disease varieties.
1.2 Cultivation of strong seedlings
Use seedlings to cultivate strong seedlings. Choose 32-hole plugs with larger nutrition area for medium-to-large sheds in early spring for about 60 days; a large area for winter and spring in greenhouses, with high temperatures during seedlings, 40-day seedlings, and 50 holes. Dish, use the direct purchase of a new type of full-nutrient nursery special substrate to cultivate strong seedlings.
1.3 Strengthen seedling management
After the seedlings are planted in large and medium-sized greenhouses in early spring, the temperature shall be covered and the appropriate temperature and humidity shall be controlled. The prevention shall be prevented and the diseased seedlings shall be removed timely. Eliminating the introduction of seedlings in the affected area. Reasonable rotation, 3 times in 1 year (preferably with onions and garlic). In the early spring, 5 to 7 days after planting, the greenhouse should be enclosed to promote seedling growth.
1.4 Water Management
In each period, the temperature in the shed cannot be increased or decreased instantaneously, and the temperature must be reduced gently. It is forbidden to flood irrigation and cloudy watering in the afternoon and promote irrigation under the membrane. Before the first spike is established, in principle, the second water is not poured. For varieties with relatively weak vegetative growth, measures for seedlings may not be advocated. When the first ear grows to a large table tennis ball, watering and fertilization are started, and water is used once. 1 Sub-fertilizer management measures to promote the vegetative growth and reproductive growth balance, 1hm2 chase tomatoes special fertilization 225kg, pre-addition of urea 150 ~ 225kg, in the late increase of potassium sulfate 180 ~ 210kg. For the growth of weak, easy to premature aging varieties, 5 ~7 ear topping, in the spring of next year, using the top lateral branch to take vines to continue to grow and set fruit. Strengthen ventilation, timely remove severely ill strains, remove diseased leaves, and bring them out of the shed to burn or bury them deeply.
2 physical control
2.1 yellow traps kill locusts
Use a 20cm40cm yellow plate to coat a layer of engine oil, and hung between the rows of plants, 20cm higher than the top of the plant, and hung 30~40 pieces/667m2, and then apply a layer of engine oil over 10 days.
2.2 Set up protection net
A 60-mesh insect screen was used to block the entrance of worms, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, a type of whitefly), spotted fly and cotton bollworms into the shed.
2.3 Solar light irradiation fumigation
Root knot nematodes and root rot can be controlled in the summer high temperature season. 1hm2 is uniformly spread with limestone nitrogen 525~900kg and 4~6cm long wheat straw mushroom residue, cow dung etc. 15.0~22.5kg, deep-turned 30cm, and then ridged Ridge height 30cm, width 60~70cm, covered with transparent film, under the film irrigation, the film around the strict cover, the use of sun light irradiation fumigation, the film below the soil temperature reaches 40 °C, continuous fumigation 20 to 30 days, can Effectively kill all kinds of soil bacteria, bacterial diseases and root knot nematodes.
3 Chemical control
3.1 Strict disinfection
3.1.1 Seed disinfection. Put the seed into warm water of 50-55°C, soaking and soaking for 15 minutes, soaking in warm water of 30°C for 4-6 hours, then soaking with 10% trisodium phosphate for 20-30 minutes, or using 0.1% potassium permanganate solution Soaking for about 20 minutes, washing with water and drying (to prevent germs carried on the seed epidermis), and then germination in an environment of 25 to 28°C, washing once daily with warm water, 2 to 3 days before germination, 70% of seeds can be sown when exposed.
3.1.2 nursery bed soil disinfection. Use 25% Rhizoctonillus or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 8g/m2 to mix with 10~15kg/hm2 of surface fine soil of grassland plants, soak 1/3 seedbed bed layer and 2/3 cover seed. .
3.1.3 disinfection of greenhouses. From July to August, after the harvest of the former crops, the residues and weeds shall be cleaned in a timely manner. The percolating water will be drenched for 7-10 days, or 1hm2 of sulfur powder 20-45kg, dichlorvos 3.75kg Fodder was ignited and was ventilated after 1 to 2 days in a confined smoked shed to fully exclude toxic gases in the shed.
3.2 rational use of drugs
3.2.1 Control Botrytis cinerea. The key is to seize the medication before planting, flowering, and fruit enlargement. Before the planting, the seedlings were sprayed with 50% Sulfuron® 1500-2000 times to spray the seedlings, and 0.1% of 5% mothionine spray was added to the schizophren dilution during the flowering period, and 2% was available before pouring the water or before the onset of disease. Wuyimycin water spray 150 times, or 40% chlorothalonil aerosol 3.75kg/hm2 fumigation, or 6.5% Wanmiling powder dust spray 15kg/hm21~2 times.
3.2.2 prevention of tomato late blight. After the discovery of the central strain, timely application of the drug was good, available 72% DuPont Kelu 800 times or 58% Lei Duomier WP 700 times, 7 days spray 1, even spray 2 or 3 times; or 45% 100 Bacteria clearing agent 250g/667m2, spraying in the evening and closing the booth.
3.2.3 control of tomato early blight. With 70% mancozeb 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times spray, 7 days spray 1, even spray 2 or 3 times.
3.2.4 Control tomato leaf mold. With 2% Wuyimycin aqueous solution of 150 times, or 50% fasting WP 1000 times spray, 7 days spray 1, even spray 2 or 3 times.
3.2.5 control tomato virus disease. Prevention of fleas, found that the central diseased plant was removed in a timely manner. After the seedling stage and after the regrowth, they were sprayed with 100 times solution of “83 increasing resistance agent†and 1 time with 15% of diseased plants with 15% phytobiotic disease or 20% of virus A. Powder 500 times spray, spray 7 days, spray 3 to 4 times. In particular, prevention and treatment of TY virus disease, first, the selection of disease-resistant varieties such as Diffany, Phaeton, Europe, Champions League; Second, corn mulching techniques to eliminate Bemisia tabaci (yellowing traps, insect nets, and chemical control of tobacco The third is to prevent the introduction of seedlings in the disease area; Fourth, it is best to remove the diseased plants in a timely manner, bring them out of the shed to centrally destroy or deep-seated, to prevent the spread of TY virus disease.
3.2.6 Control locusts. With 10% imidacloprid 1000 ~ 1500 times, or 25% Aktai 8000 ~ 12000 times, 7 days spray 1, even spray 2 ~ 3 times.
3.2.7 control whitefly. In the initial stage, 25% fluocinolone 1500~2000 times liquid kills eggs very well. For the control of whitefly nymphs and adults, 1.8% avermectin EC can be used for 2000 times spraying, and the agents are used alternately.
3.2.8 Controlling Liriomyza. Adults can be smoked 2 to 3 times with 10% dichlorvos 500g smoke agent. Foliar spray kills larvae. When there are 5 larvae per leaf, control with 1% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times liquid or spot 1500 times liquid before 7 days of larvae, spray 7 times a day, even spray 2~ 3 times.
3.2.9 Control of cotton bollworm. From the peak of egg hatching to the generation of young larvae, spray 250 times of Bt emulsion, 1.8% of avermectin EC or 50% of phoxim EC 1000 times.
Protein: The protein based on a certain indicator negative charge attracts protein cationic, ionizing causes the color change.
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