Key points of wintering cultivation techniques for sweet potato
How to grow cabbage? Can cabbage be cultivated in the open field for wintering? Let's take a look at the wintering cultivation experience of the cabbage in the region.
Cabbage is one of the main cultivated vegetables in the early spring of our province. The conventional cultivation method is to nurse the seedlings in winter, and to plant in the early spring or in the protected area, generally not to expose the winter to the ground (easy to twitch after the winter in the open field). Since 1998, the Vegetable Teaching and Research Group of our school has carried out the cultivation and production experiment of the wintering cabbage in the open field, selected the cabbage varieties suitable for wintering in the province, reduced the production cost of cabbage, simplified the cultivation procedure, and achieved a better economy. benefit. The test results are summarized below.
First, the variety selection
Variety is the key to the success of over-wintering cabbage. The main varieties of the current production, such as 8398, Zhonggan 11, Zhonggan 15, etc., the winter is weak, the open field cultivation is very easy to convulsion in early spring, can not form leaf ball; after our experiment, the varieties bred by Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Qiang Gan 1 is strong in winter and anti-twitching. It is an ideal variety.
Second, the appropriate sowing
Appropriate sowing is an important part of wintering cabbage cultivation. Seeding is too early, the seedling age is too large before winter, and it is easy to convulsion in spring. Late planting, the seedlings are too small, and they are susceptible to freezing damage during the winter, and the seedlings are broken. Even if the warm winter season is not frozen, the spring market is late and the benefits are reduced. The experiment found that the suitable sowing period in Xuzhou area is usually from October 5 to 10, the warm winter year is October 10, and the cold winter year is around October 5.
Third, cultivate strong seedlings
1. Soil preparation and fertilization: The seedbed should be selected with a high topography, well-drained plots, and low-lying wetlands must be made of sorghum. Before sowing, the seedbed is deep-turned, and combined with 667m2 of organic fertilizer (soil-fertilizer) 1000~2000kg, generally no fertilizer is applied. The 2m line is ditched for sputum, and the height is 20~25cm. The ratio of seedbed to field area is 1:15-20.
2. Seeding: The wet sowing method is generally used. Before the sowing, the surface of the crucible is smoothed, and the surface of the crucible is sprinkled and poured with a watering can. After the water is infiltrated, the seeds mixed with the fine soil are evenly sprinkled on the surface of the crucible; after that, the soil is covered with a thickness of 0.5 to 1 cm. (It is advisable to see the seeds invisible).
3. Seedling management: There are three main tasks in seedling management. First, to prevent heavy rain before and after emergence, according to the weather forecast before the rain on the seedbed to temporarily cover the agricultural film. The second is to timely carry out the seedlings. When the first true leaves of the seedlings appear, the seedlings are removed, and the first true leaves are set to grow, and the seedlings are 3 to 5 cm apart. Third, if there is a harm from cabbage worms, it should be promptly prevented. 2.5% Kung Fu EC 5000 times solution can be used.
4. Appropriate seedling age: The suitable seedling age of Zhigan No. 1 is 40 to 45 days, with 3 leaves and 1 heart, which can be transplanted.
Fourth, colonization (Darta transplanting)
1. Planting period: The suitable planting period is mid-November.
2. Preparation before planting: It is best to plant the overwintering cabbage in the plot. Drain the ground in time before planting and carry out deep turning. Combine the ground to apply the base fertilizer. Generally 667m2 organic fertilizer 2000 ~ 3000kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, urea 10 ~ 15kg. It can also be used for 667m2 of diammonium 15~20kg. The scorpion of planting cabbage can be divided into two types. If the terrain is high, the well-drained sandy soil can be made into a flat shovel for easy watering. The terrain is low, and the sticky land can be made into sorghum, which prevents sputum from falling. When doing sputum, you can make a squat by 90~100cm, and squat up and squat.
3. Planting density: 2 rows per plant, the average row spacing is 45-50 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, and about 3500 plants are planted per 667 square meters.
4. Colonization method: planting with water stable seedlings. According to the determined line spacing and plant spacing, the hole depth is 5-6 cm, and one seedling is placed at each hole, and then water is poured, so as not to diffuse the hole. After the water has basically infiltrated, cover the soil, but do not press it by hand.
V. Management after planting
The general principle of the management of the Gan Gan No. 1 field is pre-control, and promoted after the year. The control before the year was mainly to prevent the overwintering of the seedlings from being too large, and to convulsion after the year; after the year, the main promotion was to promote the growth of the green and to be listed in advance. The specific management measures are as follows:
1. Check seedlings and seedlings: After planting, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time. After planting, individual dead seedlings should be replanted in time to ensure full seedlings.
2. Protection safety Overwinter: Generally, there is no need to manage during wintering, but in order to prevent individual seedlings from being frozen, water can be poured once in winter when conditions are available or some organic fertilizer can be applied in the field in late December.
3. Promote winter growth: In mid-February, the weather gradually warmed and the cabbage began to turn green. It is necessary to seize the opportunity to apply the green fertilizer once, generally 10 kg of urea is applied to 667 m2, and watering can be done once with fertilization. In this case, the soil moisture is good, but it can not be watered; It is best to cover the mulch with conditional ploughing, and then compact the mulch after the membrane is released to prevent it from being blown away by the strong wind.
4. During the balling period, the fertilizer is flushed: in the middle of March, when the inner blade is bent and cohesive, when the ball is started, it is necessary to re-fertilize once, generally 15kg of urea is applied at 667m2, and water is poured in time after topdressing, and generally no top dressing is required. Watering to keep the kneading surface moist is good.
5. Insect prevention: If there is any harm of cabbage caterpillar after entering April, it is necessary to treat the insects in time, and the medicament and concentration are the same as the seedlings.
Sixth, harvest
From the end of April to the beginning of May, according to the market conditions and the growth of cabbage, it can be harvested at the right time.
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