In recent years, pear yellowing disease is very common and may occur from seedlings to various stages of tree growth. Symptoms generally start from a new shoot. The leaf color changes from pale green to yellow, and only veins remain green. The leaves are yellow-white and form coking and necrotic spots on the leaf margins. The shoots on the new shoots are thin, internodes are prolonged, and axillary buds are not abundant. The cause of this yellowing is iron deficiency, which is also called iron deficiency. Sometimes the symptoms of yellowing in the pear trees are reduced after the shoots are stopped or the rainy season arrives.
In general, the content of iron in the soil is abundant. In alkaline soils, active iron is converted into inactive iron due to the effect of the salt base, and cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants to form iron deficiency chlorosis. In neutral soils, large fertilizers, especially partial application of nitrogenous fertilizers, result in overgrowth of new shoots, insufficient absorption of iron, and new shoots exhibiting varying degrees of iron deficiency chlorosis. This can be achieved through balanced fertilization. Increase the use of organic fertilizers, multiple application of biological fertilizers, and control the growth of new shoots to control iron deficiency and loss of green.
Formula fertilization: Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer 1000g + 3000g of organic fertilizer + 300g of microbial complex bacteria, preferably 1000g of bean cake, appropriate amount of ferrous sulphate, bud fertilizer once, puff fruit fertilizer once, wintering fertilizer once, 3 times a year . Special attention should be paid to the fact that the bud fertilizer must be less nitrogenous, and organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer should be re-used. Normal fruit trees can be properly reduced in ingredients. The above-mentioned P and K fertilizers can use more than 46% of the compound fertilizers. The organic fertilizers can be replaced by biogas liquids. The compound bacteria are Bacillus subtilis+Bacillus mucilaginosus, or new force compound bacteria. In addition, when apple trees, kiwi trees, peach trees, etc. appear yellowing disease, it can also be controlled by this method.
Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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