Applying basic fertilizer can not only promote the growth of strong seedlings and early growth of roots, but also can form a certain number of robust tillers before winter, and lay the foundation for growth, panicle growth and weight gain after spring. However, in recent years, the author learned from the survey of 100 households of fertilization that 40% of the farmers’ fertilization habits are all based on fertilizer. This fertilization method will not only cause prolonged seedling growth, but also prolong lodging during the earing stage. Frozen, easily deferred later. In order to capture the bumper harvest of wheat, the basic fertilizer application techniques of wheat are summarized as follows:
First, the application time
Basic fertilizer is usually applied in combination with ploughing and soil preparation before sowing. In arid land, the fertilizer can be applied to the bottom of the plough, then the soil can be turned over; the soil can be weighed heavily, and then the soil can be ploughed first and the fertilizer can be turned into soil. .
Second, the number of applications
The amount of base fertilizer should be based on production requirements, fertilizer type, nature, soil and climatic conditions. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have a low mobility in the soil, and are generally applied at the end; while nitrogen fertilizers have a large mobility, and are generally used in stages, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be 60% based on the total application of phosphorus, potash, and organic fertilizers. -70% Kishi, 30%-40% topdressing; due to the ammoniated rot of straw stalks returning from corn stalks to the field requires a certain amount of nitrogen nutrients, wheat also needs certain nitrogen nutrition at the seedling stage, in order to reduce straw maturity and wheat seedlings The growth of nitrogen needs to apply a certain amount of urea. Wheat generally applies 10 kg of urea and 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre (basic fertilizer can also provide certain pure nitrogen nutrients), potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 20-30 kg (saline and alkali use k2o≥45 % Potassium Sulfate), totaling about 30 kg total effective nutrient content.
Third, the application method
The combination of chemical fertilizers and livestock manure and other high-quality organic fertilizers can not only greatly increase the organic matter content of the soil, but also improve the fertilizer and water retention capacity and increase the utilization rate of fertilizers. However, the application rate in actual production is small, accounting for only 2%. About %; when the amount of basic fertilizer is large, it should be applied in full layers. The coarse fertilizer can be applied deep before the cultivated land, and the fine fertilizer can be applied as the surface fertilizer. When the amount of the base fertilizer is low, it should be applied centrally and the method of applying or applying a hole should be adopted. Phosphate fertilizers are best mixed with organic fertilizers. For quick-acting phosphate fertilizers, they can reduce the adsorption and fixation of phosphorus on the soil. For late-effect or insoluble phosphate fertilizers, it is beneficial for the release of phosphorus and absorption by crops.
IV. Problems
First, for a long time, peasants suspected of having large farms, difficult transport, inconvenient application, small momentum, and slow fertilizer efficiency have generally tended to focus on chemical fertilizers and light organic manure. Second, some farmers have long been accustomed to wheat sowing. When applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 80-100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 40-50 kg of urea are applied per acre. This application method will cause some adverse consequences. 1 The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is reduced, too much ammonium bicarbonate and urea are used, the soil is difficult to adsorb and preserve, the crops are difficult to absorb at once, the rain will melt and infiltrate, leading to fertilizer loss and waste; 2 will reduce the cold resistance of wheat, nitrogen fertilizer Excessive application will accelerate the pumping and rapid growth of wheat leaves, resulting in imbalance of carbon and nitrogen in wheat, reducing the carbon compounds in the crops, making the wheat seed grow mad, and being cold-resistant, and being susceptible to freezing and dead seedlings; 3 will reduce wheat The ability to resist drought and lodging, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil tillage layer, the wheat root system will be absorbed nearby, resulting in the roots no longer grow and deep down, so short-term roots will reduce the ability of wheat to resist drought and lodging;4 Affect germination and emergence, too much nitrogen fertilizer, easy to remove uneven, the most prone to fertilizer damage, from time to time will affect the germination and emergence, while the weight will lead to guide burning, rooting and lack of seedlings broken ridge, resulting in insufficient wheat seedlings; 5 Soil compaction may form.
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