Zinc supplement
Although vegetable production requires zinc supplementation, it does not mean that the amount of zinc fertilizer should be used as much as possible. The vegetable farmer must give appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer to the vegetables.
Do not overdo it. The reason why zinc fertilizer is micro-fertilizer is that the crop needs less of it, and the application amount exceeds the general assembly and produces toxic effects to crops (Some vegetable farmers use 3 kg of zinc sulfate in the base fertilizer, and the leaves are also frequently supplemented with zinc fertilizer in the later period. 250g with zinc sulfate) resulted in stagnant growth of the crop, small and thin leaves, affecting normal photosynthesis.
Do not apply continuously in base fertilizer. Zinc fertilizer as a base fertilizer is generally valid for a long period of time, once applied, sustainable for 1-2 years. In addition to severe zinc-deficient soil, zinc fertilizer is recommended to be applied once a year. However, in practical production, vegetable farmers apply zinc fertilizer at the end of every vegetable planting, resulting in zinc fertilizer applied twice a year, which leads to excess zinc in the soil and inhibits the absorption of other elements in the soil.
Do not mix alkaline and alkaline pesticides. When zinc is mixed with alkaline fertilizers, it will react and reduce the fertilizer effect. Similarly, the combination of zinc and alkaline pesticides reduces the effectiveness of zinc and the efficacy of pesticides. Moreover, if zinc fertilizers are mixed with phosphate fertilizers, it is easy to form zinc phosphate precipitation, which not only reduces the effectiveness of zinc, but also reduces the fertilizer efficiency of phosphorus, so they should not be used at the same time. Therefore, when zinc fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, no matter if it is a large vegetable, or cultivated for more than one year, it can be applied once at the end of the year. According to the degree of zinc deficiency in soil, 0.5 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu is used as base fertilizer. When dressing for top dressing, add 0.7-1.7 kg of zinc sulfate per mu to the appropriate amount of fine soil applicator; when foliar spray is applied, use 90-180 g of zinc sulfate per mu for spraying 60 kg of water on sunny days. When used, it is best to use it alone to avoid reaction with other chemical fertilizers and affect the absorption of zinc by the crop.
Calcium supplement
Vegetables are hi calcium crops. People often pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers when planting, and most of them do not pay attention to the application of calcium fertilizers. With the emergence of a large number of facility cultivation, it is more likely to lead to calcium deficiency in greenhouse soil. According to experiments, when producing greenhouse vegetables, reasonable application of calcium fertilizer can generally increase production by 10%-20%. The application of calcium fertilizer to vegetables can increase the calcium content of the plant, maintain the appearance of bright color for a long time, and obviously improve the appearance quality and intrinsic quality. In addition, calcium deficiency is an important cause of illness and rot in many vegetables.
The cause of calcium deficiency. The low content of available calcium in the soil can not meet the needs of vegetables for calcium; the high content of salt in the soil inhibits the absorption of water and calcium by the root system, especially in strong acid red soil and yellow loam soil, because of strong acidity, it affects Absorption of calcium; excessive concentration of soil solution, or the presence of large amounts of ammonium nitrogen will impede the absorption of calcium; soil plough layer is shallow, especially sand soil has poor water retention and fertility, and calcium loss is large; nitrogen fertilizer is applied in large quantities Under the circumstances, excessive nitrogen fertilizer will reduce the effectiveness of soil calcium. At the same time, calcium moves slowly in the plant. Therefore, the nutritional problem of calcium deficiency in vegetables has become a prominent issue in cultivation.
The calcium deficiency of vegetables, generally young leaves and young tissues, fruit calcium easily. The symptoms are as follows: the newly emerged parts of the plant, such as the apical buds and root hairs, are stagnant and atrophied; the new leaves are stuck, and most of them are unable to expand normally; the new leaves that are unfolded often have coke edges and are incomplete; the plants are short and soft, and the internodes are shortened; Depression, dark brown necrosis; growth point necrosis when severe calcium deficiency.
Vegetable crops supplement calcium fertilizer. The first is to reasonably select calcium fertilizer varieties. Different calcium fertilizers have different properties. The soil pH in the greenhouse is mostly 6.5-7.5. Alkaline substances or neutral fertilizers such as hydrated lime and calcium nitrate should be used. With acidic or physiological acidic substances, lime nitrogen and other fertilizers contain calcium nutrients, common phosphorus fertilizers such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, heavy calcium superphosphate is also an important source of calcium fertilizer. Bone meal, grass and wood ash all contain a certain amount of calcium, which is also a source of calcium that cannot be ignored. It can be selected according to the situation. The second is the period of fertilization. After the vegetable grows into a prosperous period, the soil calcium nutrition begins to decrease, and the calcium in the leaf begins to decrease. At this time, the calcium fertilizer is the best period. Therefore, in the production of calcium deficiency in the early stage to prevent the growth of vegetables, basic application can be adopted. In the greenhouses that have been planted for many years, generally 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to Mushi and 30-45 kg of superphosphate is added. The third method is fertilization. For heavier exposed or greenhouse vegetables, the method of reapplying basal fertilizer, ie, applying 100 kg of wood ash per acre or 50 kg of hydrated lime, can be used to regulate the pH of the soil. The specific approach is to spread the organic fertilizer with hydrated lime or ash, evenly applied to the surface of the ground and plowed into the ground.
For vegetables in the growth period, especially after entering the vigorous growth period, the method of top dressing can be used to supplement calcium nutrition, generally 40-60 kilograms of slaked lime are used per acre, and the amount of lime used in sandy soil is appropriately reduced. Not only can calcium supplement, but also conducive to neutralize the acidity of the soil, increase the pH, improve the structure of the soil pellets, can also 80 kg of hydrated lime or 50 kg of ash, uncover the end of the membrane, ditch depth 10 cm, topdressing the fertilizer After watering the bottom of the trench, cover the membrane with the earth under the infiltration. Or deep plowing and the use of plastic film cover cultivation methods to enhance its ability to retain water and fertilizer, maintain relatively stable soil moisture, reduce calcium loss. Can also be combined with disease-prevention spray using leaf top dressing calcium supplement, top dressing concentration is generally 0.3% -0.5% is appropriate. Generally can be sprayed with 0.1% -0.2% of calcium nitrate or 1% of superphosphate, sprayed once every 15 days, even spray 3-4 times, the effect is better.
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