Due to the high altitude of Chengde, the temperature difference between day and night during the same period of rain and heat, it provides unique natural conditions for the production of Huangqi. It is one of the most distinctive Chinese herbal medicines in Chengde. With the scarcity of wild Astragalus resources, artificial cultivation has gradually increased, while cultivated Astragalus has a long history in Chengde County. There are more than 20,000 mu of medicinal materials such as bellflowers. In order to improve the quality and yield of Astragalus cultivation, a standardized cultivation technique of Astragalus was developed.
First, the growth conditions
Astragalus membranaceus in the annual average temperature of 4 °C -10 °C, 10 °C above the accumulated temperature in the 2500 °C -4000 °C, frost-free period in 120-180 days of the area can grow. Suitable for deep soil, well-drained, loamy, sandy loam or humus loam, plain or gentle slope planting, more suitable for irrigated land, young fruit trees and sunny areas can be planted.
Second, live technology
1. Seed source. At present, there are no truly productive breeds. All the seeds are mixed and bred from wild populations.
2. The amount of seeding. In general, 0.8-1 kilograms of dried seeds are used.
3. Prepare before broadcast. Due to the small seeds, seedlings are more difficult, the land must be finely leveled, Mushi agricultural fertilizer 2500 kg plus superphosphate 20 kg, cultivating depth 25-30 cm, 1.2 meters wide, do not limit the length. Seeds are soaked in warm water of 40°C-45°C for 5-6 hours or soaked in tap water for 12-24 hours at room temperature, removed by drying, placed under Moisturizing germination at a temperature of about 20°C, and ready for sowing when some seeds are cracked. Autumn sowing is generally from mid-August to late September.
4. Seeding method. There are three kinds of broadcast, on-demand, drill, generally drill, according to row spacing 25-30 cm, open 2-3 cm deep shallow ditch, the seeds evenly into the ditch, generally should not be deep shallow, so as not to cause the young shoots weak. After sowing, it covers about 1 cm of fine wet soil, and suppresses it in time to keep the soil moist until it emerges.
Third, field management
1. Weeding and weeding. In the first year of growth, weeds are 3-4 times. After the second year, they can be cultivated and 1-2 times per year.
2. Seedlings, Dingmiao and make up seedlings. When the seedling height is 5-7 cm, the dense and thin young seedlings are dropped between the two times, and the seedlings are planted in a staggered spacing of 6-8 cm, and the seedlings are filled. When transplanting the seedlings, it must be transplanted with soil. The seedlings that are too dense can be transplanted to make up for them, ensuring that about 60 strains are planted per square meter.
3. Top dressing. In the first year after Dingmiao, each year after returning green in the spring, the mulching urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulphate are each 5-15 kilograms after the ridge is closed. After the three fertilizers are mixed, the ditch is applied, and the cover soil is applied after the application.
4. Suppress the seedlings. Seedling period, select the sunny afternoon, gently step on the foot along the ridge or lightly press the stone and wood rake on the ground part of the jaundice, press once every 3-5 days, press 3 times.
5. Cut off the flower branches. For plots that are not used for harvesting seeds, clear the squid in batches before picking flowers after flowering.
IV. Pest Control
1. Root rot. During the growing period, timely cultivating loose soil, timely drainage and flood control in the rainy season, regulating soil moisture, improving soil ventilation, timely removal of diseased plants, disinfection of diseased sites with 5% lime water, and watering disease with 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times in the initial stage of disease. Strain prevention.
2. Stem rot. On the basis of adopting comprehensive agricultural control, 600-800 times of 50% carbendazim and 80% zein Zn can be sprayed at the early stage of disease prevention and treatment.
3. Leaf blight. In the early stage of disease, 50% carbendazim WP can be used to control 1000 times spray.
4. Astragalus moth. In the early stage of emergence, 90% of dipterex crystals can be sprayed and treated with 800-1000 times solution.
V. Retention and Seed Collection
Retaining plots should be appropriately increased nitrogen fertiliser and phosphate fertilizers. The yellow peony seed should be harvested with harvesting and harvested in batches. Generally, the pods in the lower part of the squid become dark brown and the upper part of the pods is yellow, the twigs of the hand twigs or the whole twigs are cut off, dried a little, and then threshed and cleared. Keep cool and ventilated and dry place.
Sixth, mining and processing
1. Harvest time. It is advisable for the Chengde region to grow roots for 2-3 years. In the spring after the emergence of yellow jaundice selected sunny excavation.
2. Excavation method. When plowing or manually plowing, the main root should be prevented from being broken, the stems and leaves should be removed, the soil should be shaken and the drying should be done in time.
3. Drying processing. The Astragalus root according to large, medium and small separation, choose to sunny, ventilation, dry place drying, roots and fine lateral roots individually collected, drying process to avoid washing or rain, otherwise, the root becomes dark green. The two-year-old Astragalus membranaceus produces 150-200 kilograms of dried medicinal herbs and 300-400 kilograms of rice for three years.
Seven, storage technology
Store in a clean, odor-free, ventilated, dry place or in a dedicated warehouse for medicinal herbs. The warehouse should be equipped with ventilation and dehumidification equipment and conditions. The medicinal materials should be placed on the shelves and should not be directly contacted with the walls and the ground. The room temperature is controlled below 30°C, the relative humidity is 70%-75%, and the commercial water content is ≤13%. In the summer hot season, attention should be paid to moisture, mildew, and moth-eaten. After damp, it should be turned or aired in time.
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