Oats planting time Oat cultivation techniques are complicated?

Oatmeal is a high-nutrition food and grass crop. It is divided into two types: glutinous (ie, oatmeal) and bare oat. It is not only superior in protein content to other cereal crops, but also extremely irreplaceable in arid and semi-arid areas. Forage, its forage value is also higher than other crops, and has a very high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting time of oats!

Oat planting time

The planting time of oats varies from region to region. North China, Northwest China and Northeast China are spring sowing areas with a growth period of 80-115 days. The southwest is a winter sowing area with a growth period of 230 to 245 days. Oats need more water, and China's main producing areas are also dry farming areas. Therefore, it is extremely important to store water and protect water through early autumn cultivation, hoeing, hoeing and suppression.

Oat planting environment

1. Temperature: Oats are cool but not cold-resistant. The northern part of the temperate zone is most suitable for planting. The seeds can germinate at 2 to 4 °C. The seedlings can withstand the low temperature environment of -2 to -4 °C, which is the most cold-tolerant in wheat crops. One kind. The northern and northwestern parts of China are cold in winter and can only be planted in the spring. They can be broadcast in autumn compared to the south, but must mature before the summer heats up.

2. Moisture: Oats grow in the alpine desert area, but when the seeds germinate, they need about 65% of their own water. The transpiration coefficient is higher than that of barley and wheat, and the water consumption is also high. If the water is insufficient during the growth period, the grain is often not Enriched and reduced production. Therefore, the rhizome of oats is often as long as one meter in order to extract more water.

3. Soil: Oats can be harvested well under the excellent cultivation conditions and soil of various textures, but the moist soil rich in humus is the best, and the adaptability to acidic soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but not Suitable for cultivation in saline-alkaline soil.

Method of planting oats

1. Seed treatment: Choose sunny and windless weather before sowing. Spread the seeds 2 to 3 cm thick and soak for 3 to 5 days. Sun-breeding can promote early seed germination, increase germination rate, early emergence, and ultraviolet rays in the sun kill germs on the epidermis of the seeds, which can alleviate the disease. Seed dressing with 0.2% seed dressing or carbendazim to prevent smut, rust, etc., and areas with serious underground pests can also be mixed with phoxim or carbofuran.

2, sowing time: early spring soil thawed about 10 cm can be planted. The suitable sowing date for oats is from March 25th to April 15th. The best sowing date is before and after the Qingming period, and no later than the rain. According to the precipitation situation, the ploughing of seedlings is particularly important. The catching of seedlings is a major measure for the high yield of dryland oats.

3, seeding method: oats are best to use mechanical sowing or artificial ditching, not suitable for spreading. The line spacing is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 3~5 cm. It is suitable to prevent re-broadcasting and leakage. The next species should be uniform and uniform, sowing evenly. After sowing, the soil and seeds are closely combined to prevent wind and buds. The seeding rate per acre is 10-15 kg, and the grain harvest can be reduced.

Field management of oats

1. Reasonable loose soil: If the oats are exposed to rain or snow before emergence, they should be gently smashed in time to break the knot.

2, timely weeding: weeding 2 to 3 times during the whole growth period, three-leaf stage cultivating loose soil weeding, early removal, shallow removal, increase ground temperature, reduce water evaporation, promote early rooting, fast rooting, preservation seedlings. Weeding 2 times before jointing, weeding in time in the middle and late stages. The planting area is not large, and manual weeding is optional.

When the planting area is large, chemical herbicides can be used. In the three-leaf stage, 72% of butyl ester emulsifiable concentrate is 60 ml/mu, or 75% of superstar dry suspending agent is 1-2 g/mu, and sunny, windless and dew-free are selected. Spray evenly.

3, fertilization management: splitting jointing period, combined with irrigation water per acre to apply 25 kg of ammonium sulfate, dry land should be rain-seeding. During the flowering and filling period of oats, 0.2~0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be used, and 20% urea solution can be mixed with root dressing. The spray liquid per acre is 70 kg. After 7 days, it can be re-sprayed once to promote grouting, and timely apply foliar fertilizer. Increase grain weight.

4, timely irrigation: where there are irrigation conditions, such as spring drought, irrigation in the oats from the three-leaf period to the tillering period, irrigation 1 time.

5, pest control: Oyster common pests and diseases include smut, rust, red leaf disease, golden worm, cockroach, cockroach, mites, armyworms, bandits and so on. The prevention and control of pests and diseases adhere to the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”. According to the basic principles of integrated pest prevention and control, anti-(resistant) disease-based varieties are mainly used. Comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on cultivation and prevention, physical and chemical control.

Oatmeal is an annual plant of the genus Oataceae. It is called "bee and wild wheat" in the "Compendium of Materia Medica". It is a small miscellaneous grain. The grain is used for grinding or eating. It has high nutritional value and is recognized by the US FDA as functional. Food, with the effect of lowering cholesterol and smoothing blood sugar, has high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the cultivation technology of oats!

Oat cultivation environment

1. Temperature: Oats are cool but not cold-resistant. The northern part of the temperate zone is most suitable for planting. The seeds can germinate at 2 to 4 °C. The seedlings can withstand the low temperature environment of -2 to -4 °C, which is the most cold-tolerant in wheat crops. One kind. The northern and northwestern parts of China are cold in winter and can only be planted in the spring. They can be broadcast in autumn compared to the south, but must mature before the summer heats up.

2. Moisture: Oats grow in the alpine desert area, but when the seeds germinate, they need about 65% of their own water. The transpiration coefficient is higher than that of barley and wheat, and the water consumption is also high. If the water is insufficient during the growth period, the grain is often not Enriched and reduced production. Therefore, the rhizome of oats is often as long as one meter in order to extract more water.

3. Soil: Oats can be harvested well under the excellent cultivation conditions and soil of various textures, but the moist soil rich in humus is the best, and the adaptability to acidic soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but not Suitable for cultivation in saline-alkaline soil.

Oat seeding technology

1. Seed treatment: Choose sunny and windless weather before sowing. Spread the seeds 2 to 3 cm thick and soak for 3 to 5 days. Sun-breeding can promote early seed germination, increase germination rate, early emergence, and ultraviolet rays in the sun kill germs on the epidermis of the seeds, which can alleviate the disease. Seed dressing with 0.2% seed dressing or carbendazim to prevent smut, rust, etc., and areas with serious underground pests can also be mixed with phoxim or carbofuran.

2, sowing time: early spring soil thawed about 10 cm can be planted. The suitable sowing date for oats is from March 25th to April 15th. The best sowing date is before and after the Qingming period, and no later than the rain. According to the precipitation situation, the ploughing of seedlings is particularly important. The catching of seedlings is a major measure for the high yield of dryland oats.

3, seeding method: oats are best to use mechanical sowing or artificial ditching, not suitable for spreading. The line spacing is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 3~5 cm. It is suitable to prevent re-broadcasting and leakage. The next species should be uniform and uniform, sowing evenly. After sowing, the soil and seeds are closely combined to prevent wind and buds. The seeding rate per acre is 10-15 kg, and the grain harvest can be reduced.

Seedling management of oats

1. Intercropping and weeding: According to the biological characteristics of oat seedlings, from shallow to deep, from the seedling stage to the jointing stage, the seedlings are removed 2 to 3 times. Before winter, the soil should be preserved to promote water and promote roots.

2, skillful application of seedling fertilizer: from the four-leaf period to the winter before this period should be applied to the early application of seedling fertilizer, split the fertilizer 1 to 2 times, to promote the early growth of tillers. In the seedling stage, the topdressing fertilizer is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, combined with cultivating and weeding, 5 to 7.5 kg of urea per mu, or 10 to 12 kg/mu of nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.

Jointing and booting stage management

1. Medium-cultivation and soil-cultivation: According to the heavy spring drought in the oats in China's mountainous areas, after the oat jointing to the ridge, the cultivating is once, the depth is 3-6 cm, and supplemented with appropriate soil to reduce the evaporation of surface water and control the base stem section. excessive growth.

2, the application of fertilizer: after the first section of the base of the oats fixed length, in time, the application of jointing and booting fertilizer, topdressing should be based on the condition of the seedlings, strong seedlings can be applied once in the base of the second section of the basic fixed length, weak seedlings It can be topdressed once in the jointing stage to the booting stage, with 5-8 kg of urea per acre and 5 kg of phosphate fertilizer. For well-growing oats, the topdressing of jointing and booting should be controlled, and the combination should be promoted, and the late lodging caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer should not be avoided.

Heading maturity management

1. Drought-resistance and anti-smashing: Oats can be irrigated 1 to 2 times in the period of occurrence of drought and the degree of watering, so as to protect the leaves from premature aging and achieve the purpose of leaf-preserving granules. At the same time, pay attention to the fact that in the later stage of grouting, if there is more rain, it should be drained and floodproof to prevent late maturity or lodging.

2, application of foliar fertilizer: oats should be carried out according to the situation, as appropriate, foliar topdressing, the concentration of various foliar spray fertilizer is 1 ~ 2% of nitrogen fertilizer, 2 ~ 4% of calcium perphosphate solution, 0.1 ~ 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate The concentration of urea and superphosphate solution is 3%, and the application amount of fertilizer per acre is 50-75 kg.

Oat pest control

1, smut selection of seed dressing double, carbendazim seed dressing for early prevention.

2, crown rust and stem rust before the occurrence of large, with 0.4 ~ 0.5% of tar or acid rust sodium aqueous solution sprayed 2 to 3 times, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days during the epidemic period, spray 75 ~ per acre 100 kg.

3. The armyworm was sprayed with 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times.

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