Confirmed for the first time! Pregnancy induces epigenetic changes in the body

Release date: 2018-02-09

Source: CC0 Public Domain

Is it true that identical twins with the same gene do not guarantee long consistency? Among them, epigenetics is in the "ghost". Epigenetics tells us how environmental factors affect the human body, how to change our physiological functions, and change gene expression can be transmitted across generations.

Professor Leigh Ackland, director and lead researcher at the Deakin University Center for Cell and Molecular Biology, said that although pregnancy is a critical period of hormonal changes, few people are aware of epigenetic changes associated with the reproductive cycle.

The latest study, published in Epigenomics, highlights how the physiological effects of pregnancy persist and that once pregnant, the body changes at the microscopic level. Long-term epigenetic changes may increase the risk of the next generation of disease.

Previous studies have shown that women's risk of gestational diabetes increases cardiovascular disease, and that their offspring are at increased risk of obesity, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes.

Professor Ackland said that the study is of great significance to the medical research community because it has for the first time confirmed that people's epigenetics will change due to external factors. This phenomenon was previously seen in laboratories or animals, but not in humans.

She further explained that epigenetic markers are like a switch that can alter the activity of genes and cells in the body. All individual cells have the same genetic material. But in different tissues of the body, the behavior of genes is different. This behavior can be determined by epigenetic factors, independent of the DNA sequence of the gene.

“This research is groundbreaking because it helps us understand how physiology is regulated by the environment and helps us understand more complex diseases such as cancer, such as the role of environmental factors in its development.”

Epigenetics is important for understanding, preventing, and combating many diseases, such as diabetes and cancer, and can help people understand that environmental factors, including lifestyles, can cause disease. Once the causal path is known, researchers can better find treatments. It is understood that researchers have been studying epigenetic enzymes to improve cancer treatment.

Professor Ackland's study compared non-pregnant women, pregnant women, and women after 20 weeks of postpartum, and compared the same group of pregnant women for 8-10 weeks postpartum and 20 weeks postpartum, followed by a similar comparison for patients with type 2 diabetes.

An important finding is that women with type 2 diabetes have different epigenetic characteristics than non-diabetic women, and they also have different changes during pregnancy.

"The epigenetic changes caused by pregnancy may cause complications in these diabetic patients, such as symptoms that may cause insulin resistance, and high risk of pregnancy," she said.

Professor Ackland said: "The epigenetic changes that occur during pregnancy may have positive and negative effects on future health. Further research is needed to determine long-term effects. But we know that malnutrition and other adverse events in pregnant women may be apparent Genetics leads to the next generation of problems."

Reference material

Epigenetics study reveals environmental influences can change

Source: Bio-Exploration

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