Talking about the new matriculation technology of rice
There are many kinds of rice planting techniques, and there are many techniques. I don’t know if the grain growers have learned about the new rice substrate dry breeding technology. The following is a list for everyone!
1 strong standard
The age is 35 to 40 days, the leaf age is 4.1 to 4.5 leaves, the plant height is about 17 cm, and the dry weight of 100 plants is 4 g or more.
2 秧 field selection and large and medium shed specifications
2.1 秧 field selection
It is necessary to choose a leeward sun, a flat terrain, good drainage, and a convenient source of water to build a large shed to make a new substrate for breeding.
2.2秧Honda ratio
Manual hand inserts and mechanical transplants are calculated at 1:100 times.
2.3 large and medium shed specifications
The height of the greenhouse is 1.8-2.2m and the width is 6-7m; the mid-shed is 1.5m high and 5~6m wide. The length of the shed is determined according to the required area of ​​the field.
3 Preparation of bed and material preparation
3.1 Putian area
Honda needs a green area of ​​100-120 m2 per hectare.
3.2 Preparation for bed
The bottom of the bed should be leveled and compacted to ensure that the bottom of the bed is in good contact with the bed surface. It is not suspended, and the edge of the bed is built to a height of 5 cm above the bed.
3.3 rice hull dosage and pretreatment
The green area of ​​the seedlings per square meter requires 0.5kg of new substrate nursery nutrient, 400-450kg of rice husks per 40 hectares of sieves. It is better to store the smashed rice husk and water for one year.
4 Rice husk treatment and placement
4.1 Rice husk treatment
Smash and add water to store the rice husk for one year before sowing. Soak in the water two days before sowing to ensure that sufficient water is absorbed. The soaked rice husks are taken out of the water control one night before sowing.
4.2 Matrix preparation
Each square meter requires 0.5kg of new substrate nursery nutrient and 4kg of dried rice husk soaked, and evenly mixed after water control, paving 1m2 seedbed or 6 rice transplanting trays.
4.3 matrix placement
Place the placed tray on the substrate, the thickness is 2cm, the upper part should be flat, compacted with a plate or smashed with sputum;
4.4 watering
Water the water with a watering can to ensure the moisture needs of the seedlings.
5 seeds and treatment
5.1 variety selection
According to the local ecological conditions such as accumulated temperature, select the excellent varieties with high yield, high quality and strong resistance to maturity. The well irrigation area should choose the cold tolerance variety, the Suda saline-alkali soil area should choose the alkali-tolerant variety; the first and second accumulated temperature zones should use the main stem 13~14 leaf varieties, and the third and fourth accumulated temperature zones should use the 10~12 leaf varieties. Guarantee the safety and maturity before the frost.
5.2 Seed quality
The seed grading standard is more than two grades, namely: the purity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 97%, and the water content is not higher than 15%. The seeds are updated every three years.
5.3 drying seeds
Before soaking seeds, choose to dry for 1 to 2 days, and turn 3 to 4 times a day.
5.4 screening
Screen out grass seeds and impurities to increase seed clarity.
5.5 Selection
Use yellow mud water or salt water with a specific gravity of 1.1 to select the seed (the specific gravity can be measured with fresh eggs, and the egg can be exposed in the solution to reveal the size of the two-cent coin). Remove the glutinous rice and wash the seeds with water.
5.6 soaking seeds for disinfection
The selected seeds were treated with 25% of a 2% smok (100 grams), 50 kg of water, and soaked in water at 15 to 16 ° C for 5 to 7 days, and manually stirred twice a day.
5.7 germination
The soaked seeds are broken at a temperature of 30 to 32 ° C. When the seed has about 80% broken chest, the temperature is lowered to 25 °C to germination, and it should be flipped frequently. When the bud length is 1 to 2 mm, the temperature is lowered to 15 to 20 ° C to bud.
6 sowing and covering
6.1 sowing time
5 to 7 days earlier than conventional seedlings.
6.2 broadcast volume
Ordinary seedlings are planted in the square of 200-250g, and the machine inserts 100-125g per seed.
6.3 pressing
Spread the uniform seeds with 笤帚.
6.4 cover species
Sprinkle the soaked rice husk on the seeds. The rice husk covering the seeds should be loose and not clustered, dry without smoke, and the thickness is 0.3-0.5 cm.
6.5 watering
After the cover is finished, use a sprayer to pour water. All the rice husks are drenched. It is good to cover the exposed areas.
6.6 covering mulch
Cover the mulch after watering. The mulch should be pressed tightly with soil, etc. to prevent evaporation of water and ensure moisture before emergence.
7 seedbed management
7.1 Temperature Management
Insert the seedlings to seal the heat preservation before emergence, and before the emergence of the seedlings to the 1st and 1st heart period, pay attention to the beginning of ventilation and training. The temperature inside the shed does not exceed 28 °C. When the seedlings are 1.5 to 2.5 leaf stage, the ventilation volume is gradually increased, and the shed temperature is controlled to 20 to 25 ° C to prevent the high temperature burning seedlings and the seedlings from growing. The seedlings are 2.5 to 3.0 leaf stage, so that the night cover is exposed and the temperature of the shed is controlled to 20 °C. When encountering low temperature freezing damage, it is necessary to increase the covering and keep warm in time.
7.2 Water Management
Check every 2d before emergence after sowing, and use the sprayer to replenish water. Make sure that the moisture needs of the seedlings are needed. When the seedlings are out, the green film is released in time, and the water is poured once a day after the emergence of the seedlings. 1.5 After the initial root elongation of the leaf stage, it can be watered once for 2 to 3 days.
7.3 seedbed top dressing
If the seedlings are found to be deficient in the 2.0 to 2.5 leaf stage, they should be sprayed with 40 to 50 g of ammonium sulfate per 10 m 2 or 10 to 20 g of urea. After spraying, wash the seedlings with water to prevent burning.
7.4 Prevention of leaf miner
2 to 3 days before insertion, spray Dagongchen, 10g of water 10kg, spray 100m2 seedbed, take medicine to the field.
8 fine land preparation, ultra-fine placement
8.1 Fine land preparation
8.1.1 Site selection
Honda requires flat terrain, fertile soil (organic matter ≥ 3%), convenient drainage and irrigation, and a well-watering area should be set up in the well irrigation area, and the channels should be appropriately extended to increase the water temperature as much as possible.
8.1.2 Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer
Before the land is turned over, the farmer's fertilizer is 1,500 kg per mu. Fertilizer is generally 100-150 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare, 100-150 kg of potassium sulfate, and 250-300 kg of urea. Nitrogen fertilizer 25%, total phosphorus, 50% potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, before the application of sputum, 65% of the remaining nitrogen fertilizer for manure, 35% for panicle fertilizer application, the remaining potassium fertilizer for panicle fertilizer application. It advocates autumn ploughing and spring ploughing, and uses rotary tillers to obtain rotary tillage, and then waters the leeches to reach a state where water is not exposed to mud.
8.2 super thinning
When the temperature is stable through 13 °C, you can insert it. It should be concentrated on the May 15-25 rice high-yield period. Insertion specifications: The first and second accumulated temperature zones adopt (15+9)×6 inch large ridge double rows or 9×8 inch single row ultra-thin plants, one hole per hole, 12.5 square meters; the third accumulated temperature zone adopts (15+9)×4.5 inch large ridge double row or 9×6 inch single row ultra-thin plant, insert one carcass per hole, square hole 17 square meters, or other plug-in forms of corresponding specifications. The hand transplants should be deep and shallow, with a depth of no more than 1 cm, straight, acupoints, and no roots. The artificial insertion depth is 1.5 cm, one carcass per hole.
9 Reasonable water and fertilizer management, regulated by leaf age
According to the leaf age index of different growth stages of rice, the leaf age regulation adopts the corresponding water and fertilizer management measures to regulate the growth of rice, reach the planned number of stems, ensure the fullness of the foot and the foot, and be safe and mature.
9.1 Balance promotes fertilization
9.1.1 Manure
The tiller is divided into two doses. For the first time, the manure fertilizer is applied 50% of the total amount of manure immediately after returning to green, and at the latest no more than 6 leaves (before June 10), promoting the rapid growth of tillers, using low tillers; when the seventh leaves of rice are to the end When the eight leaves are exposed (depending on the variety, generally June 17-20), the remaining manure is used as the regulating fertilizer, which is the second time.
9.1.2 Spike fertilizer
Entering the 10 leaf stage, the young ears begin to differentiate and begin to apply panicle fertilizer. The ear fertilizer is applied twice. For the first time, when the inverted three leaves have just been exposed (60 days before and after July 5), the total amount of panicle fertilizer is 60%, which promotes the differentiation of spikes, branches, and spikelets, increases the number of branches, and strives for large spikes; The remaining panicle fertilizer was applied at the tip of the flag leaf (inverted 1 leaf) (July 18-20).
9.2 Water saving irrigation:
It is necessary to strengthen the basic construction of the field, improve the supporting standards for the project, and establish a water-saving irrigation model. The management of water layers should meet the requirements of “strengthening roots, warming, ventilating, and saving water†to promote fertility.
(1) Shallow water promotion: When transplanting rice, the flower water is kept in the pond. After transplanting, the water layer should maintain 2/3 of the height of the seedlings, and the seedlings will return to green. After returning to green, the water layer will remain 3.3 cm, and the temperature will increase. After the 10 leaf stage, dry and wet wet irrigation method is used to increase the oxygen supply of the soil and promote the root system. Up to 40 days before heading;
(2) Roasting the field to attack the big ear: When the number of stems in the field reaches 80% of the planned number of stems (June 28 to July 8), it is necessary to have a prosperous situation, an early closure, and a black leaf. Under the leaves, there is no plot of jointing yellow, and the water is removed for 7-10 days. On the contrary, it is not dried, and it is changed to deep water drowning. The degree of drying the field is white, the ground cracks, the white surface of the pool surface, the leaves are faded and straight, and the control is promoted to promote the strong rod;
(3) Deep water tire protection and shallow water grouting. Rice meiosis is the most sensitive period of low temperature in rice during the whole life. To prevent cold damage, when the temperature is below 17 °C, the deep water layer is 15 cm and the tire is protected. In addition, it is necessary to adopt dry irrigation, wet and wet, intermittent irrigation, rooting and leaf retention, and live poles mature. Each time the water is 4-5 cm, it is naturally dried and then watered. Stop water during the yellow ripening period.
10 Weeding and pest control
10.1 weeding
Selecting herbicides according to different weed communities is the most effective way to kill weeds. Artificial weeding should be completed in early July, and after the heading, take the net field weeds and pool weeds. The specific method is: rice transplanting field to promote the application of metformin, Marchet or Arojin + Cao Kexing, Nongde Shi, Wei Nong, Sha Duo Fu, Sun Star and other formulas. For the water-deficient areas at the time of transplanting, the application of metformin or arozine was carried out twice before the insertion, and for the three-grained grass-based plots, the farmer’s time, the Wei Nong, and the grass The method of secondary medication. The live field promotes the application of He Da Zhuang + Nong De Shi, Sha Duo Fu or Sun Star. Ultra-thin planting should be formulated to promote rice tillering and avoid causing hidden phytotoxicity, such as He Da Zhuang + Nongde. The transplanted field should be applied 5-7 days after the insertion, and the seedlings should be applied after the greening is returned; the live field should be applied when the weeds are basically out.
10.2 disease prevention
Focus on prevention, strengthen forecasting and forecasting, and prevent and treat disease centers. At the end of June and the beginning of July, the hectares were sprayed with 30% of the new gram of 100 ml or 40% of the rice glutinous rice (Fuji No. 1).
10.3 pest control
(1) Anti-fertilized leaf flies: 750 g of 40% omethoate EC in hectares and 450 kg of water. The water was removed to 5 cm before application, and normal water was poured after 1 day;
(2) Anti-negative mud worms: 225-300 ml of emulsifiable concentrate with 2.5% enemies, 225-300 kg of water spray or 30 kg of 2.5% trichlorfon powder.
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