High-efficiency and high-yield cultivation techniques for cucumber in the spring season
How to plant cucumber in the greenhouse? Today, Hui Nongwang Xiaobian wants to talk to the vegetable farmers about the anti-season cultivation techniques of cucumber spring greenhouse!
1 Cucumber requirements for environmental conditions
Cucumber is a warm vegetable that is neither cold nor heat resistant. The suitable temperature for cucumber growth is generally 15～32°C. The suitable temperature for different growth stages is different. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25～30°C, and the suitable temperature for seedling stage is 10～30°C. When the temperature is lower than 12 °C, the growth and development of cucumber is slow. If it is lower than 5 °C, the growth will be chilled. In the cultivation, 8 °C is used as the minimum temperature limit for cucumber production. When the temperature is higher than 35 °C, the growth and development of cucumber is blocked, the plant is prematurely degenerated, and the deformed melon is increased. The relative relative air humidity of cucumber growth is about 60%-90%. The optimum relative humidity during the growth process is low seedling stage, high in adult plants, low in nighttime, and high in daytime.
The suitable temperature range of cucumber roots is basically the same as that of aboveground plants, but the optimum temperature is 20-25 °C, which is lower than the optimum temperature of the aboveground part. The ground temperature is too high or too low, which will affect the growth of cucumber.
The photosynthesis of cucumber requires a large amount of carbon dioxide, and the application of carbon dioxide fertilizer in greenhouse cultivation has a good effect on the growth and development of cucumber.
Cucumbers are wet, and they are afraid of drought, the roots are shallow, the roots are weak, and the ability to absorb water is not strong. Therefore, cucumber cultivation must choose soil with strong water retention and fertility, and the water supply is uniform, in order to obtain better benefits.
The growth and development of cucumber is characterized by absorption of potassium, followed by nitrogen. The absorption of potassium is mainly in the middle and late growth stages. Cucumber production is based on the application of base fertilizer, reasonable topdressing, pay attention to prevent premature aging of plants.
2 spring greenhouse cucumber cultivation
2.1 Variety selection
In spring, the temperature is low, and varieties with early maturity and cold tolerance should be used.
2.2 Seeding and seedling
2.2.1 Seeding technology: Before seeding cucumber seedlings, seed disinfection treatment should be carried out, and warm soup soaking and disinfection can be used. Soak the seeds in warm water for 5 minutes after soaking in warm water at 55 °C, then cool to about 30 °C, continue to soak for 3 to 4 hours; disinfection of the drug is usually disinfected with 100 times of formaldehyde for 30 minutes, and soaked for 3 to 4 hours after washing. The sterilized seeds are germinated at a temperature of 28 to 30 ° C, and can be sown after "whitening". When planting, it is directly planted in the nutrient bowl, and transplanted with soil when planting. After sowing, the emergence of seedlings should be controlled at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C to promote the emergence of seedlings. Generally, when the temperature is suitable, seedlings start to appear in about 2 days.
From partial emergence to the first true leaf revealed, that is, broken heart. During this period, it is necessary to cool down in time and control the lower temperature, generally around 20 °C during the day and 12-15 °C during the night. From the broken heart to 7 to 10 days before transplanting, it can be kept to 20-25 °C during the day and 15-18 °C during the night.
7 to 10 days before planting, low temperature exercise should be carried out. The temperature conditions of the nursery bed should be as close as possible to the planting field to improve the adaptability and survival rate of cucumber seedlings. Generally, it is 15 to 20 ° C during the day and 12 to 14 ° C during the night.
2.2.2 Management of water and fertilizer during seedling stage: Cucumber seedlings should always keep the soil moist, but it is necessary to control the number of watering. Too much watering can easily reduce the temperature of the seedbed and cause disease. If the seedbed is in need of watering, it should be selected on a sunny day. After watering, pay attention to ventilation and reduce air humidity. In the case of applying the base fertilizer, the seedbed generally does not need to be topdressed.
2.3 Soil selection
Cucumber cultivation should choose deep soil layer, good drainage performance, and the construction of greenhouses with water retention and fertility.
2.4 Fertilizer management
Apply 70-75 kg of compound fertilizer per 66 square meters, of which: 60% is used as base fertilizer and 40% is used for topdressing. After planting, it is necessary to control the application of fertilizer and water, promote the survival of seedlings, apply less before flowering, and lightly apply nitrogen fertilizer to prevent lengthening. Carry out a top dressing to promote the growth of the melon.
The cultivation of carbon dioxide fertilizer in greenhouses has a significant effect on the yield increase of cucumber. Generally, it is applied from the fruit expansion period. Carbon dioxide cylinders of 50 atmospheres can be used to apply carbon dioxide for about 3 minutes at 6 to 7 in the morning to maintain a concentration of 800 to 1000 μl/L.
2.5 Cultivation and planting
Before the cucumber is planted, the soil is opened at 1.3 meters, and the base fertilizer is applied 10 to 15 days before planting. Row spacing (65 ~ 75) cm × (40 ~ 50) cm, two per litter, about 2500 nests per 667 square meters. The roots of cucumber are shallow, and it is not suitable for deep planting. After planting, the root water is poured.
2.6 Field Management
2.6.1 Lighting management: When the cucumber is light, when the spring is not enough, increase the temperature of the shed and increase the photosynthesis. Keep the shed film clean and reduce dust pollution to increase the transparency.
2.6.2 Temperature management: The temperature in the greenhouse changes with the temperature of the outside world. After the seedlings are planted, they are generally not ventilated until the slow seedlings are used to increase the ground temperature and temperature in the shed. According to the optimum temperature range of each growth and development stage of the cucumber, measures such as adding a plastic film and adding a small arch shed can be used to improve the temperature increase and heat preservation effect. Promote the survival and growth of seedlings. As the season progresses, the temperature increases and the temperature inside the shed gradually increases. When the temperature reaches 30 °C or above, the shed door or the surrounding area should be opened, and the temperature in the shed should be lowered to about 26 °C to close the vent.
2.6.3 Humidity management: The humidity in the greenhouse is higher than the exposed ground. According to the requirements of the relative humidity of the cucumber, the seedlings are usually not fertilized after planting until the flowering. The cloudy and sunny days should be properly ventilated and dehumidified at the noon; The water droplets inside the shed film or some moisture absorbing materials such as lime are placed in the shed to reduce the humidity in the shed.
2.6.4 Plant adjustment: Cucumber plants are about 30 cm in size. It is best to use slings in the greenhouse, one rope and one rope. The upper end of the rope is attached to the top frame, and the lower end is fixed with small wooden stakes or directly attached to the root of the cucumber. The vines of the cucumber are tied together with the slings with a string, and tied with the growth of the vines for about 7 to 10 days.
Cucumbers with main vines and melons should be removed in time to avoid the loss of nutrients. The old leaves, yellow leaves, diseased leaves, deformed melons and tendrils in the lower part of the main vine should be removed in time to improve ventilation and light transmission. condition. A cucumber retains 25 to 30 leaves.
2.7 Harvest at the right time
Cucumber growth should reach the market standard in a timely manner, and it should be harvested once every 2 to 3 days.
2.8 Pest Control
The main diseases of cucumber are downy mildew, blight, powdery mildew, and the main pest is yellow stalk. Control measures: no soil that has been planted with melons as seedbed soil;
Choose resistant varieties; carry out seed disinfection and reduce the humidity inside the bed. 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-800 times solution, 58% Redolmer wettable powder 500-700 times liquid, 70% ethyl phosphorus aluminum manganese zinc wettable powder with 100 grams to control downy mildew; 50% Carbendazim 500 times soaking for 1 hour or 50% carbendazim 500 times seed dressing with seed weight 0.3%, initial use with 2% agricultural anti-120 using 150 times liquid, 50% bacteriostatic water-soluble powder for 40 grams 50% of the dry and wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 20% of the virus A wettable powder 400 ~ 600 times liquid, 15% of the mildew water agent 3000 times liquid to control the blight of the disease; the initial stage of the disease with powder rust 1000 ~ 2000 times Liquid; methyl thiophanate, carbendazim 800 times solution to prevent powdery mildew; use phoxim 1500 times liquid or pyrethroid drug 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid to control Huang Shou melon.
Pesticides for the control of pests and diseases must be selected to use pesticides that can be used in the production of pollution-free vegetables. It is strictly forbidden to apply high-toxic and high-residue pesticides, and strict attention should be paid to the safe interval of pesticide use. It is strictly forbidden to spray chemical pesticides for 7 days before fruit harvesting. .
3 cultivation of autumn cucumber
3.1 Variety selection
Autumn cucumber is in the high temperature stage in the early stage of growth, and it is easy to use a variety of heat-resistant and anti-viral diseases.
3.2 Seeding and seedling
3.2.1 Seeding technique: The seed treatment before autumn cucumber seedlings is basically the same as that in spring cultivation, but the growth and development period of autumn cucumber seedlings is in a high temperature environment. Therefore, special attention should be paid to cooling and moisturizing. After sowing, cover the ground with a sunshade membrane to make it tidy. After emergence, the shade net will be changed to large, medium and small flat sheds, and the management will be released in time according to the weather changes.
3.2.2 Soil selection: Autumn cucumbers must choose water with near water source, strong water retention capacity and good drainage capacity. Turn the bauxite deep in about 10 days in advance and smooth it.
3.2.3 Fertilizer and water management: The amount of fertilization in autumn cucumber is basically the same as that in greenhouse. However, special attention should be paid to seedlings and drought-preventing seedlings in the early growth stage. It is necessary to supply sufficient water in time to facilitate the healthy growth of crops and to reduce the later pests and diseases. occur.
3.2.4 Field management: The temperature of autumn cucumber is higher in the early stage of cultivation. It is best to cover the cultivation with sunshade net, and cover it at the top of the scaffold after emergence and in the early growth stage. In the cloudy day, the membrane is uncovered in time, and the membrane is covered in time with strong sunlight or heavy rain.
Open field cucumbers can be inserted into the soil in the open field, and one or two nests per nest are set up as “herbs frameâ€. Pay attention to the vines and put the vines on the bamboo frame.
Ok, how much do you understand about the anti-season cultivation techniques of cucumber spring greenhouse? I hope this article will help you all!
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