It is a kind of cash crop for harvesting garlic and garlic, and it is a kind of crop that is sensitive to potassium and sulfur. The main planting area in the north is in the counties and cities of Shandong Jinxiang, Yutai, Juye, Shan County and Xuzhou. In the north main cultivation area, sowing in mid-October, harvesting garlic in mid-May in the following year, harvesting garlic in mid-to-late May, the whole growth period lasted for more than 8 months, and experienced germination, seedling, flower bud and bud differentiation. Garlic elongation, bulb expansion and dormancy. The crop needs a comprehensive solution for high yields.
Find out the characteristics of fertilizer needs is the first step of high yield
The absorption ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, potassium and potassium was 1:0.16:0.61. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients during the growth process was the highest in nitrogen, followed by potassium and less phosphorus. For every 1000 kg of fresh garlic head, 8.5 kg of nitrogen, 1.4 kg of phosphorus and 5.2 kg of potassium should be absorbed from the soil (Source: China's main crop fertilization guide) China Agricultural University Press, Zhang Fuxu, Chen Xinping, Chen Qing Etc.)
The absorption of nitrogen by garlic is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages. Before the greening, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer mainly comes from the garlic, and the small amount comes from the base fertilizer. The absorption of phosphorus by garlic is mainly concentrated in the early and middle stages. The absorption of potassium is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages. . Among them, the garlic stalk begins to elongate until the garlic is inflated, which is the peak period of fertilizer demand. It is understood that garlic is a shallow root plant, the ability to absorb nutrients and water is weak, and adequate base fertilizer is particularly important, which is the basis for high yield and stable yield.
Garlic likes all-element fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements. Garlic farmers pursue high yield and high efficiency. There are not many cultivation areas planted in successive years. When applying base fertilizer, it is recommended to increase the application of bio-organic fertilizer per acre by 100-300 kg. It is good for resisting heavy cockroaches, preventing dead trees, preventing yellow leaves from drying, fertilizing soil and improving fertilizer utilization.
The characteristic of the absorption of garlic is that the absorption of nitrogen and potassium is relatively balanced. The rooting, the expansion of the garlic and the elongation of the garlic require more phosphorus. The potassium fertilizer has a significant effect on the yield increase of garlic and garlic, and can also improve the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus.
According to the target output, the amount of fertilizer is reasonably customized.
For the northern cultivation area, the amount of chemical fertilizer is high, and the application of bio-organic fertilizer and micro- and trace elements is insufficient. It is recommended that fertilization be as follows: First, organic and inorganic combination. The organic fertilizer is preferably applied with bio-organic fertilizer containing biological bacteria; the second is that the sandy soil is better with the sulfur type compound fertilizer, the loam is the sulfur type or the chlorine type; and the third is the formula fertilizer formula suitable for the base fertilizer of garlic.
According to the target yield, the above formula fertilizer is applied on the basis of 100-300 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer applied to the base fertilizer. The output of fresh garlic is more than 2000 kg/mu, the output of garlic is 300 kg/mu, the application of chemical fertilizer is 125 kg/mu, and the “new friend Guimei†30 kg/mu;
The output of fresh garlic is 1500-1550 kg/mu, the output of garlic is 300 kg/mu, the application of chemical fertilizer is 100 kg/mu, the “new friend Guimei†20 kg/mu; the output of fresh garlic is 1500 kg/mu, the output of garlic is 300 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied at 80 kg/mu, and the “new friend Guigai†is 15 kg/mu.
Two major problems in cultivation need to be solved
In the cultivation process, when the garlic is green, the garlic seedlings are yellow, the yellow leaves are sharpened, and the dead tree appears after the fertilizer is washed. The following reasons can cause dead trees. First, there is too much nitrogen in the base fertilizer, which is slightly burned, and it is normal when it is low temperature before returning to green.
The damaged roots have a greatly reduced ability to absorb water nutrients. After smashing the quality fertilizer, the roots are more irritated, resulting in yellowing of garlic and heavy dead trees. Second, it is subject to freezing damage in winter or "cold spring" after the year. Third, it has been heavy for many years, the soil is not deep, the soil microbial balance has been severely damaged, the soil-borne diseases have increased, and the beneficial bacteria have been lacking. The fourth is the damage of underground pests such as mantle. The fifth is leaf disease, such as purple spot, leaf blight, blight, rust and so on.
In addition, there is no breakthrough in production, and there is also a small reduction in the proportion of garlic heads. Among them, heavy roots, no deep ploughing of land for many years lead to poor root system; heavy bottom fertilizer, light topdressing fertilizer, lack of bio-organic fertilizer and medium and trace elements, and large-scale use of quick-acting fertilizer; low utilization rate, serious loss of leaching and other reasons will lead to early defermentation and premature aging. Affect the output.
In response to the above two focus issues, it is urgent to study a complete solution. It is recommended that the land be turned over once every 3-4 years with a plow. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer must be controlled.
Generally medium-fertilized soil, the output of fresh garlic is more than 2000 kg/mu, and the output of garlic is more than 300 kg/mu. In principle, the total amount of pure nitrogen in the base fertilizer should not exceed 20 kg (including the amount of nitrogen in chemical fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer). Prevent burning roots and burning seedlings. It is recommended to apply slow-release fertilizer with fertilizer, environmental protection and yield increase. First, it is quite safe to produce garlic, and there is no need to worry about the problem of burning seedlings;
Second, in the cold winter, the slow-release fertilizer does not lose nutrients; the third is to slowly release the nutrients after the warming of the green, and even if the fertilizer is not topdressed, the yield is high, the premature aging, and the high quality. When applying the base fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer is appropriately reduced, the biological organic fertilizer and the appropriate amount of medium and trace elements are increased, the rhizosphere environment is improved, and comprehensive nutrition is provided. Pour the frozen water to ensure safe wintering. Anti-cold spring cold, can spray amino acid foliar fertilizer 1 time before the cold current in March.
During the rejuvenation period, do not apply fertilizers containing hormones. When planting the soil, apply chlorpyrifos granules (or phoxim) 2 kg/mu to prevent mantle. In November of the same year, March and April of the following year, the leaf surface was sprayed with “Baitai 1500 times + triazole†pesticides three times to prevent leaf diseases. At the same time, combined with spraying, supplement the whole nutrient foliar fertilizer or amino acid foliar fertilizer 2-3 times. (Yao Zhenling, senior agronomist of Yantai Zhongde Group)
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