October "Science" rumors list
Release date: 2014-11-03
The “Monthly Science Gossip List†was jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology Association and the Beijing Science and Technology Journal Editors Association. Supported by the Science and Technology Communication Committee of the China Science Popularization Writers Association, the China Evening News Science Editors Association, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Communication Association.
1. What are the cases of Ebola found in mainland China?
Source: Recently, it has been reported in Guangzhou and Ningbo that there are African men with fever diagnosed as Ebola cases. Ebola has entered China.
Truth: After being rumored by the Ningbo Municipal Government Information Office, the Nigerian man with fever had normal body temperature and was relieved of hospital observation. There were no confirmed cases in Ebola in Ningbo. The "Ebola patient" from Nigeria discovered by the Canton Fair was tested by the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province. The result was that the Ebola hemorrhagic fever was negative and excluded Ebola virus infection. There are currently no relevant Ebola case reports in the country.
Ebola has been ravaging Africa for half a year this year. Due to its special customs and medical conditions, Ebola caused 4,816 deaths. The average case fatality rate of Ebola virus is 50%, and some patients can be cured by basic supportive treatment. Ebola is mainly transmitted through body fluids (blood, sweat, vomit, excretion, urine, saliva or semen), and there is currently no evidence that it will be transmitted from person to person. In response to Ebola, China has prepared for immigration inspections and medical surveillance. The Ebola virus has an incubation period of 21 days. If it is suspected or suspected to have discovered Ebola's early symptoms, it should be reported to the local hospital in time.
2. Does the humeral head promote fracture healing?
Source: As the saying goes, eat and eat. Many people believe that eating more meat bones after a fracture can promote bone healing as soon as possible. Is this true?
Truth: Anyone who eats a certain type of food does not meet the principle of healthy diet. Although the bone contains a lot of mineral elements such as collagen and calcium and phosphorus, people can not directly absorb and use these nutrients. Even if it is boiled into bone soup, the content of mineral elements is very small. Compared with the daily demand of the human body, bone soup is a kind of ordinary food, and there is no special therapeutic effect or nutritional treatment. Therefore, it is a dietary misunderstanding that bone soup can supplement calcium. As for the early application of collagen in the fracture, it is also a misunderstanding to promote fracture healing. As long as the fracture patient is guaranteed to have enough protein, he can recover without taking collagen.
3. Toilet Ling 84 disinfectant = highly toxic?
Source: Some media reported that when Ms. Wang cleaned the toilet, she poured 84 toilet disinfectants into the toilet. Ms. Wang then fainted and died. The hospital was diagnosed with chlorine poisoning. The experiment proves that 500 grams of 84 disinfectant, plus 400 grams of toilet spirit, can produce about 15 liters of chlorine gas, a large amount of chlorine in a small space is enough to kill people.
The truth: After mixing the toilet bowl and the 84 disinfectant, the pungent smell is indeed the smell of chlorine. In the general toilet spirit, the main component is hydrochloric acid, which is hydrogen chloride, which is a strongly acidic object. Strong acid is used to decontaminate. In the 84 disinfectant, the main role is sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite is easy to react to produce hypochlorous acid, which is mostly used for disinfection.
Generally speaking, there will be some clear water in the toilet. After pouring 84 disinfectant, the sodium hypochlorite in the disinfectant will form sodium hydroxide and hypochlorous acid, one is strong alkali and the other is weak acid, so sodium hypochlorite belongs to weak acid salt. , alkaline. The hydrochloric acid in the toilet spirit is strongly acidic, and after the 84 disinfection liquid phase is encountered, a chemical reaction occurs, thereby generating chlorine gas. Chlorine is a yellow-green irritating gas that is highly irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes and skin. At the same time it is a toxic gas. Under normal circumstances, exposure to chlorine gas will first cause irritation to the eyes, causing tears. At the same time, it stimulates the respiratory tract and makes people cough. In severe cases, it can even corrode the alveoli, causing difficulty breathing or pulmonary edema. If you are inadvertently recruited, you should immediately leave the scene to the fresh air. Generally, when the situation of coughing and tearing disappears, there is no big problem. However, if the poisoning phenomenon does not disappear, and even pulmonary edema and other phenomena, it is necessary to dial 120 to go to the hospital for treatment.
4. Is the non-stick coating harmful to human health?
Source: While the non-stick pan is coming into life, the doubts about the safety of its coating have never stopped. Non-stick coatings, especially Teflon coatings, decompose harmful substances into food at high temperatures, although they are small but accumulate in the human body.
Truth: The earliest non-stick material was polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is what we now know as Teflon. PTFE has very stable physical and chemical properties at normal temperature and normal state, but considering that the cookware is used in high temperature environment, the safety at high temperature is the focus of our attention. According to DuPont data, the use of Teflon non-stick coatings does not change from room temperature to 260 ° C (550 ° F), but when the temperature exceeds 260 ° C, the coating gradually does not A steady state transition occurs when the temperature exceeds 350 ° C (660 ° F).
In the daily cooking mode, the higher temperature stir frying usually only reaches a temperature of about 200 ° C. Even if the frying method is used, the oil temperature generally does not exceed 250 ° C, so in normal cooking, don't worry. The coating decomposes to release harmful substances. Moreover, the common cooking oil has a smoke point between 200 ° C and 250 ° C. If the temperature is enough to decompose the coating, the first thing to consider is that the oil is decomposed to produce harmful substances. This kind of eating habit is natural. Not healthy.
It appears that the Teflon-coated non-stick pan can be used safely as long as the cooking temperature is properly controlled. Rather than worrying about whether Teflon will endanger human health, it is better to spend more energy on improving cooking methods, eating habits and diet structure, which will be more helpful for improving health.
5. Cola milk = stomach stones?
Source: There has been such a “scientific experiment†on the Internet that pours milk and cola together, and can see that the color of cola is light, and there is a gray-black precipitate on the bottom of the container, and that the precipitate is calcium carbonate, and it is quite Drink "stomach stones".
Truth: In order to verify whether the effect in the photo will be produced, the experimenter deliberately re-do this experiment. And not only use cola and milk, but also use Sprite and milk to see if the reaction has other color changes. The reaction was found to be as stated online. But even if you take a magic drink with milk and cola, you can't get stomach stones. Because the main component of cola is carbonic acid (H2CO3), the precipitation produced in the experiment is mostly due to the denaturation of proteins in milk. As for the calcium carbonate mentioned in the rumor, the citrate in the sodium citrate food additive has the property of forming a soluble complex with calcium ions, and can form a calcium precipitate to a certain extent. Further, even if calcium carbonate is actually formed, hydrochloric acid, which is a main component of gastric acid, can be further decomposed into calcium ions and water and carbon dioxide (CaCO3 2HCl = CaCl2 H2O CO2 ↑) which can be absorbed by the human body. It is important to know that the main component of many calcium tablets is calcium carbonate. The principle of calcium supplementation is the molecular formula in parentheses.
6. Can children eat cod liver oil may cause poisoning?
Source: Recently, some netizens posted: "Children who take cod liver oil for a long time may cause excessive intake of vitamin A and cause poisoning." This makes many mothers worry, is the rumor true?
Truth: Many parents have misunderstandings in their understanding that cod liver oil is a nutrient and there is no problem for children to take it for a long time. In fact, vitamins A and D are fat-soluble vitamins, which are easy to store and accumulate in the body. If taken over a long period of time, it will cause harm to children's health. In severe cases, it will cause poisoning. The symptoms of poisoning often appear as: hair loss, dry skin, appetite. Loss, nausea, dizziness, etc., once determined to be cod liver oil poisoning, should immediately stop taking cod liver oil, and go to the hospital for symptomatic treatment.
Cod liver oil is not a nutrient that the body needs to supplement for a long time. By eating more foods rich in vitamins A and D, like animal livers, especially fish livers, as well as milk and eggs, carrots, tomatoes, beans and green leafy vegetables. And take the children to the sun, you can also take the vitamins A and D that the body needs. Therefore, edible cod liver oil should be taken according to the child's physical condition, under the guidance of a doctor.
7. Will the phone case cause cancer?
Source: Some netizens claim that the phone case contains carcinogens! If you play in the bed, it will cause more damage to the human body.
Truth: In the indoor air testing room of Tsinghua University Building Environmental Testing Center, it was found that under the average temperature of normal use of mobile phones, the mobile phone shell will release toxic formaldehyde, and the mobile phone shell with leather material has the highest release rate of 0.25 mg/cubic. The meter is more than twice the value of the national standard for indoor air. Benzene and formaldehyde are carcinogens recognized by the World Health Organization and are volatile organic compounds that are released from the phone case. If the mobile phone case used contains formaldehyde, formaldehyde will not enter the body through the respiratory system in outdoor environments such as the office. But if you are in a small space, such as calling a mobile phone in a bed, the formaldehyde contained in the phone case may affect the body.
8. Is WeChat’s “painting scam†true?
Source: Copy your WeChat avatar, change your nickname to your name, and pretend that you are cheating money to a friend. Recently, there has been such a message involving WeChat fraud reported by the media.
Truth: After the reporter’s actual experience, WeChat’s “painting scam†can indeed succeed in many situations. According to the case published by the police, criminals often purchase phishing websites or phishing email templates in advance, and fraudulent gangs targeted targeted hacking, such as by joining various online communities and communities, releasing phishing information for international students. The overseas workers and the company's financial personnel carried out the hacking. After stealing the number, you can easily find out who the friend is on this account by logging in to the account. After getting your friend's micro-signal, the scammer applies for a new micro-signal, and by copying your avatar and nickname, put on camouflage, add it as your friend by "freezing" "forgot password" and other reasons. Finally, once verified, you will chat with you as a friend and start fraud.
In order to prevent "painting scams", it is best not to participate in some unidentified activities, especially not to fill in the information related to personal privacy; when you re-add a friend, you can choose to contact this old account or verify your identity by voice; When you use the topic, you can verify it again by phone; don't tell the other party the verification code sent by any mobile phone. In addition, turning off the "Search for me via micro-signal" feature on WeChat can also prevent such fraud.
9. Can the LED light meter really improve the skin?
Source: In recent years, some merchants have claimed that LED red and blue light has improved the skin, and developed an LED beauty instrument. Users can calm their emotions and focus when using blue light to illuminate facial skin. Red light can be used for collagen hyperplasia. Improve small lines, pores, and swelling after surgery.
Truth: The different wavelengths of light lead to different colors. Medically, more than 400 nanometers to more than 600 nanometers of light, 400 nanometers of blue light have bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects, because the bacteria on the skin absorb light of this wavelength. Light decomposition kills bacteria and normalizes sebum secretion. The red light of more than 600 nanometers is mainly used to promote blood circulation and phlegm. This is because red light can accelerate microcirculation, increase capillary permeability, accelerate metabolism, and repair damaged capillaries. Different wavelengths of LED light can have different effects on the skin. However, because each person's skin condition is different, it is necessary to use the appropriate wavelength of LED light to improve the skin. The most scientific method is to go to the regular hospital dermatology specialist to check, the right medicine, and LED light does not have some business propaganda with stability, concentration Attention and other functions.
10. Does the light stick break and leak, which can poison people?
Source: Recently, some netizens said that the light stick is easy to break, and the leakage of the chemical fluorescent liquid inside the light stick is very harmful to the human body.
Truth: The outer layer of the light stick is usually in plastic packaging, and the liquid inside and outside the interlayer is peroxide, ester compound and fluorescent dye. Under normal circumstances, the correct use of the light stick will not cause harm to the human body, but if the plastic quality of the light stick itself is not good, it is easy to break, and the chemical substances in the light stick directly contact the skin will cause certain damage to the human body, especially pay attention not to let Children eat by mistake. The light stick component has low toxicity and is commonly used as an additive for paints, inks, and plastics in the industry. If a leak occurs accidentally into the body, people may experience symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and even coma.
11. Found a cockroach that hides 10,000? Place cucumber, onion, and pepper in the door to kill it?
Source: From August to October each year is the peak period of the activity of “Xiaoqiangâ€. Recently, there are two popular rumors on Weibo: If you see one cockroach at home, it means that there are 10,000 cockroaches hidden in the house; in places such as corners and door seams, place cucumbers, onions, peppers, etc. Eliminate cockroaches.
Truth: If you find a cockroach at home, there will be 1 or 2 cockroaches, but there will be no 10,000. As a gregarious creature, there is a limit on the number of active areas of the cockroach. Too many words will constrain the fertility of the creature. As for the corners and door seams, there is no basis for placing cucumbers, onions, peppers, etc. to eliminate cockroaches. Because cockroaches only repel the smell of something, they do not prevent them from continuing to move elsewhere, and it is even more impossible to destroy them. Ordinary residents can use professional insect sprays and herbicides. But this can only kill the flaws that are visible on the surface. If you want to kill the cockroaches hidden in the nest and the cockroaches in the tail egg pack, you need a professional biological bait, and it is a cure for the home environment.蟑螂 hi in a warm, dark, humid, dirty environment, so qualified families can install a dedicated kitchen air-conditioning water heater dehumidification, which can reduce the temperature in the kitchen, dehumidification and dry environment, keep the room clean.
Source: Science Network
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